59% de la energía eléctrica generada a nivel mundial proviene de Combustibles fósiles
Los combustibles fósiles son una fuente de energía primaria que se obtiene principalmente del carbón, el petróleo y el gas natural. Estas sustancias orgánicas, formadas a lo largo de millones de años, se extraen de la tierra y juegan un papel crucial en la producción de electricidad actual. Sin embargo, su combustión libera dióxido de carbono y otros gases de efecto invernadero, contribuyendo significativamente al cambio climático. A nivel mundial, los combustibles fósiles generan más de la mitad de la electricidad consumida, con un porcentaje del 59%.
La generación de electricidad a partir de combustibles fósiles se lleva a cabo principalmente en centrales térmicas. El proceso básico implica la quema de carbón, gas o petróleo para calentar agua en una caldera, produciendo vapor. Este vapor a alta presión gira una turbina conectada a un generador, que transforma la energía mecánica en eléctrica. Si bien esta tecnología es muy desarrollada y está ampliamente distribuida, tiene una alta intensidad de carbono, con emisiones que van desde 490 gCO2eq/kWh para el gas hasta 820 gCO2eq/kWh para el carbón.
A pesar de que el uso de combustibles fósiles sigue siendo predominante en lugares como Wyoming, donde el 72% de la electricidad proviene de estos recursos, y en otros estados como Dakota del Norte (58%), Virginia Occidental (92%), Misisipi (79%) y países como Baréin (100%), la transición hacia fuentes de energía baja en carbono como la nuclear, solar, y eólica es esencial para un futuro más limpio. La energía nuclear, con su baja emisión de carbono de solo 12 gCO2eq/kWh, se destaca como una opción crucial para la descarbonización del sistema eléctrico. Del mismo modo, la solar y la eólica, con intensidades de carbono de 45 y 11 gCO2eq/kWh respectivamente, también son alternativas viables y efectivas.
En este sentido, la importancia y el crecimiento del uso de tecnologías de baja en carbono es esencial para enfrentar el aumento de la demanda eléctrica impulsada por la electrificación y el auge de la inteligencia artificial. Fomentar la construcción y expansión de centrales nucleares y solares podría asegurar un suministro eléctrico más sostenible y minimizar los impactos negativos ambientales asociados con la quema de combustibles fósiles. El futuro de la electricidad debe ser limpio y sostenible, y eso requiere una acción decidida hacia el incremento del uso de las tecnologías de baja en carbono.
País/Región | kWh/persona | % | TWh |
---|---|---|---|
Wyoming | 53230.9 W | 71.6% | 31.4 TWh |
Dakota del Norte | 31624.8 W | 58.2% | 25.2 TWh |
Virginia Occidental | 26731.1 W | 92.5% | 47.1 TWh |
Baréin | 22986.4 W | 99.7% | 36.1 TWh |
Misisipi | 20229.2 W | 79.3% | 59.4 TWh |
Catar | 19546.0 W | 99.8% | 58.5 TWh |
Kuwait | 17786.8 W | 97.8% | 85.8 TWh |
Luisiana | 17505.5 W | 75.3% | 80.0 TWh |
Alabama | 16967.3 W | 61.1% | 87.9 TWh |
Kentucky | 14150.5 W | 82.5% | 65.0 TWh |
Oklahoma | 12760.1 W | 56.6% | 52.7 TWh |
Arabia Saudí | 12539.0 W | 98.6% | 417.1 TWh |
Pensilvania | 12460.4 W | 65.6% | 162.8 TWh |
Arkansas | 12444.9 W | 63.3% | 38.7 TWh |
Indiana | 12386.0 W | 79.2% | 86.1 TWh |
Brunéi | 12181.0 W | 100.0% | 5.6 TWh |
Texas | 11416.4 W | 62.7% | 362.7 TWh |
Emiratos Árabes Unidos | 11175.8 W | 72.1% | 118.9 TWh |
República de China (Taiwán) | 10416.7 W | 83.7% | 241.1 TWh |
Guam | 10052.4 W | 92.2% | 1.7 TWh |
Ohio | 9905.1 W | 71.5% | 117.7 TWh |
Singapur | 9885.7 W | 95.1% | 56.7 TWh |
Montana | 9833.6 W | 41.7% | 11.4 TWh |
Nebraska | 8978.5 W | 46.1% | 18.1 TWh |
Florida | 8870.2 W | 77.4% | 211.2 TWh |
San Pedro y Miquelón | 8735.2 W | 100.0% | 0.1 TWh |
Misuri | 8606.6 W | 64.5% | 53.9 TWh |
Nuevo México | 8575.3 W | 47.3% | 18.3 TWh |
Utah | 8512.1 W | 76.5% | 30.3 TWh |
Míchigan | 8324.5 W | 66.0% | 84.3 TWh |
Arizona | 8318.5 W | 54.7% | 63.8 TWh |
Omán | 8273.8 W | 95.8% | 41.5 TWh |
Nevada | 7990.1 W | 57.5% | 26.3 TWh |
Nueva Caledonia | 7941.6 W | 73.8% | 2.3 TWh |
Wisconsin | 7840.5 W | 64.0% | 46.8 TWh |
Bermudas | 7769.5 W | 100.0% | 0.5 TWh |
Aruba | 7703.3 W | 83.0% | 0.8 TWh |
Rhode Island | 7692.5 W | 87.8% | 8.6 TWh |
Iowa | 7665.4 W | 34.6% | 24.9 TWh |
Islas Vírgenes de EE. UU. | 7587.6 W | 97.0% | 0.7 TWh |
Estados Unidos | 7492.0 W | 57.8% | 2591.2 TWh |
Carolina del Sur | 7361.9 W | 39.9% | 40.9 TWh |
Israel | 7194.0 W | 89.5% | 66.6 TWh |
Connecticut | 7120.7 W | 59.3% | 26.3 TWh |
Virginia | 7061.5 W | 42.5% | 62.4 TWh |
Kansas | 7038.1 W | 33.6% | 20.9 TWh |
Georgia (US) | 6819.5 W | 48.9% | 77.0 TWh |
Carolina del Norte | 6594.9 W | 50.4% | 73.8 TWh |
Trinidad y Tobago | 6314.5 W | 99.9% | 9.5 TWh |
Australia | 6204.5 W | 60.9% | 167.1 TWh |
Corea del Sur | 6176.7 W | 55.0% | 319.7 TWh |
Alaska | 5857.6 W | 68.1% | 4.3 TWh |
Colorado | 5680.2 W | 56.4% | 34.0 TWh |
Islas Turcas y Caicos | 5631.2 W | 100.0% | 0.3 TWh |
Gibraltar | 5533.7 W | 100.0% | 0.2 TWh |
Puerto Rico | 5471.9 W | 94.2% | 17.6 TWh |
Oregón | 5388.1 W | 36.0% | 23.0 TWh |
Rusia | 5349.6 W | 64.1% | 776.0 TWh |
Tennessee | 5134.3 W | 34.0% | 37.5 TWh |
Bahamas | 5107.0 W | 99.0% | 2.0 TWh |
RAE de Hong Kong (China) | 5008.9 W | 75.7% | 37.3 TWh |
Japón | 4988.6 W | 64.2% | 614.7 TWh |
Illinois | 4897.3 W | 32.5% | 61.8 TWh |
Kazajistán | 4875.7 W | 84.0% | 100.4 TWh |
Hawái | 4822.4 W | 75.1% | 6.9 TWh |
Islas Feroe | 4815.7 W | 54.2% | 0.3 TWh |
Libia | 4804.5 W | 97.7% | 35.1 TWh |
Turkmenistán | 4544.9 W | 100.0% | 33.5 TWh |
Delaware | 4498.2 W | 39.6% | 4.8 TWh |
San Cristóbal y Nieves | 4497.3 W | 95.5% | 0.2 TWh |
Malasia | 4469.6 W | 81.1% | 158.8 TWh |
Minnesota | 4459.1 W | 37.5% | 25.9 TWh |
Islas Vírgenes Británicas | 4364.1 W | 100.0% | 0.2 TWh |
Seychelles | 4221.7 W | 85.7% | 0.5 TWh |
República Popular China | 4017.7 W | 59.1% | 5719.8 TWh |
Irán | 3910.6 W | 92.1% | 357.2 TWh |
Dakota del Sur | 3864.6 W | 17.2% | 3.6 TWh |
Antigua y Barbuda | 3644.4 W | 94.4% | 0.3 TWh |
Samoa Americana | 3579.0 W | 100.0% | 0.2 TWh |
Barbados | 3577.7 W | 91.8% | 1.0 TWh |
Serbia | 3540.5 W | 67.6% | 23.6 TWh |
Nuevo Hampshire | 3494.3 W | 28.2% | 5.0 TWh |
Curazao | 3381.9 W | 70.9% | 0.6 TWh |
Nauru | 3375.5 W | 100.0% | 0.0 TWh |
Irak | 3295.2 W | 96.8% | 148.5 TWh |
Países Bajos | 3293.4 W | 49.3% | 60.4 TWh |
Nueva York | 3278.5 W | 48.9% | 64.5 TWh |
Malta | 3231.8 W | 84.9% | 1.8 TWh |
Sudáfrica | 3180.5 W | 83.4% | 204.1 TWh |
Martinica | 3148.2 W | 73.8% | 1.1 TWh |
Canadá | 3143.4 W | 20.0% | 125.7 TWh |
Maine | 3093.5 W | 31.6% | 4.4 TWh |
Nueva Jersey | 3078.7 W | 38.0% | 29.3 TWh |
Irlanda | 3061.5 W | 44.1% | 16.3 TWh |
Bielorrusia | 3033.2 W | 59.6% | 27.4 TWh |
Maryland | 2801.9 W | 28.0% | 17.6 TWh |
Guadalupe | 2781.7 W | 65.2% | 1.1 TWh |
Polonia | 2773.4 W | 66.5% | 107.7 TWh |
Chipre | 2747.1 W | 74.1% | 3.8 TWh |
Chequia | 2687.4 W | 40.2% | 29.2 TWh |
Idaho | 2623.5 W | 19.1% | 5.4 TWh |
Reunión | 2547.4 W | 65.9% | 2.2 TWh |
Washington | 2539.5 W | 19.5% | 20.3 TWh |
Grecia | 2493.5 W | 49.0% | 25.0 TWh |
Azerbaiyán | 2481.1 W | 88.0% | 25.8 TWh |
Tailandia | 2366.2 W | 71.8% | 169.9 TWh |
Bosnia y Herzegovina | 2323.9 W | 63.2% | 7.2 TWh |
Montserrat | 2258.4 W | 100.0% | 0.0 TWh |
El Mundo | 2235.3 W | 59.1% | 18244.3 TWh |
Santa Lucía | 2181.9 W | 97.5% | 0.4 TWh |
Mongolia | 2172.5 W | 71.6% | 7.6 TWh |
Turquía | 2156.0 W | 55.5% | 190.6 TWh |
Massachusetts | 2154.7 W | 29.4% | 15.4 TWh |
California | 2133.1 W | 32.4% | 83.7 TWh |
Mauricio | 2120.1 W | 82.6% | 2.7 TWh |
México | 2101.1 W | 75.1% | 276.5 TWh |
Argelia | 2066.3 W | 99.1% | 95.4 TWh |
Granada | 2053.5 W | 100.0% | 0.2 TWh |
Alemania | 1976.0 W | 36.9% | 167.7 TWh |
Dominica | 1955.5 W | 86.7% | 0.1 TWh |
Uzbekistán | 1941.0 W | 87.4% | 69.2 TWh |
Surinam | 1940.1 W | 57.0% | 1.2 TWh |
República Dominicana | 1888.8 W | 81.4% | 21.6 TWh |
Bulgaria | 1849.5 W | 33.3% | 12.4 TWh |
Egipto | 1785.9 W | 88.4% | 207.5 TWh |
Macedonia del Norte | 1777.4 W | 53.0% | 3.2 TWh |
Montenegro | 1773.4 W | 30.6% | 1.1 TWh |
Italia | 1767.9 W | 45.2% | 104.6 TWh |
Argentina | 1697.4 W | 53.5% | 77.8 TWh |
Vietnam | 1690.1 W | 55.5% | 171.1 TWh |
Polinesia Francesa | 1676.6 W | 66.2% | 0.5 TWh |
Túnez | 1628.4 W | 85.7% | 20.0 TWh |
Laos | 1589.1 W | 23.3% | 12.2 TWh |
Jordania | 1541.4 W | 76.6% | 17.4 TWh |
Eslovenia | 1527.3 W | 19.2% | 3.3 TWh |
Reino Unido | 1525.0 W | 32.4% | 105.8 TWh |
Guyana | 1512.7 W | 93.3% | 1.3 TWh |
Maldivas | 1502.0 W | 92.9% | 0.8 TWh |
Estonia | 1483.0 W | 31.9% | 2.0 TWh |
Jamaica | 1377.2 W | 87.1% | 3.9 TWh |
Islas Cook | 1360.0 W | 50.0% | 0.0 TWh |
Cuba | 1322.2 W | 95.3% | 14.6 TWh |
Nueva Zelanda | 1306.4 W | 15.9% | 6.9 TWh |
Chile | 1291.8 W | 29.3% | 25.7 TWh |
San Vicente y las Granadinas | 1283.5 W | 86.7% | 0.1 TWh |
Groenlandia | 1250.7 W | 13.0% | 0.1 TWh |
Armenia | 1206.1 W | 39.8% | 3.5 TWh |
Bélgica | 1108.6 W | 17.7% | 13.1 TWh |
Panamá | 1103.5 W | 38.2% | 4.9 TWh |
España | 1068.6 W | 19.5% | 51.5 TWh |
Botsuana | 1040.2 W | 57.2% | 2.6 TWh |
Moldavia | 1038.5 W | 63.3% | 3.1 TWh |
India | 1016.7 W | 75.1% | 1486.6 TWh |
Indonesia | 1015.0 W | 81.2% | 285.4 TWh |
Guayana Francesa | 938.7 W | 28.6% | 0.3 TWh |
Hungría | 932.5 W | 19.8% | 9.0 TWh |
Austria | 867.0 W | 11.7% | 8.0 TWh |
Rumanía | 863.2 W | 33.0% | 16.3 TWh |
Siria | 854.8 W | 95.6% | 19.2 TWh |
Filipinas | 849.3 W | 78.3% | 98.5 TWh |
Croacia | 837.3 W | 21.5% | 3.2 TWh |
Marruecos | 835.3 W | 68.5% | 31.8 TWh |
Letonia | 823.4 W | 29.2% | 1.5 TWh |
Dinamarca | 792.7 W | 14.9% | 4.8 TWh |
Ucrania | 780.0 W | 28.2% | 32.0 TWh |
Perú | 760.6 W | 40.7% | 26.0 TWh |
Georgia | 744.2 W | 19.8% | 2.8 TWh |
Cabo Verde | 692.7 W | 72.0% | 0.4 TWh |
Gabón | 668.1 W | 44.0% | 1.7 TWh |
Congo | 663.1 W | 79.3% | 4.1 TWh |
Bangladés | 645.5 W | 90.3% | 111.5 TWh |
Portugal | 640.4 W | 11.5% | 6.7 TWh |
Venezuela | 633.6 W | 21.6% | 17.9 TWh |
Bolivia | 619.2 W | 62.0% | 7.7 TWh |
Guinea Ecuatorial | 584.6 W | 68.8% | 1.1 TWh |
Tonga | 573.8 W | 85.7% | 0.1 TWh |
Eslovaquia | 571.5 W | 10.8% | 3.2 TWh |
Camboya | 527.5 W | 43.3% | 9.3 TWh |
Ecuador | 515.4 W | 28.1% | 9.3 TWh |
Lituania | 494.7 W | 13.0% | 1.4 TWh |
Colombia | 466.6 W | 27.9% | 25.0 TWh |
Fiyi | 454.5 W | 36.5% | 0.4 TWh |
Ghana | 441.9 W | 61.5% | 14.9 TWh |
Honduras | 422.7 W | 37.8% | 4.5 TWh |
Samoa | 415.5 W | 60.0% | 0.1 TWh |
Líbano | 412.2 W | 52.7% | 2.4 TWh |
RAE de Macao (China) | 411.8 W | 5.4% | 0.3 TWh |
Brasil | 398.8 W | 11.3% | 85.0 TWh |
Pakistán | 387.7 W | 53.3% | 97.7 TWh |
Corea del Norte | 372.2 W | 36.9% | 9.8 TWh |
Kirguistán | 369.0 W | 12.7% | 2.7 TWh |
Timor-Leste | 368.4 W | 100.0% | 0.5 TWh |
Sri Lanka | 365.0 W | 49.6% | 8.4 TWh |
Santo Tomé y Príncipe | 353.6 W | 88.9% | 0.1 TWh |
Senegal | 348.5 W | 73.8% | 6.3 TWh |
Papúa Nueva Guinea | 347.5 W | 76.3% | 3.6 TWh |
Myanmar (Birmania) | 282.2 W | 60.8% | 15.4 TWh |
Francia | 278.7 W | 3.5% | 18.6 TWh |
Uruguay | 274.6 W | 5.4% | 0.9 TWh |
Finlandia | 248.3 W | 1.6% | 1.4 TWh |
Côte d’Ivoire | 246.1 W | 68.9% | 7.7 TWh |
Mauritania | 244.1 W | 58.9% | 1.2 TWh |
Kiribati | 230.0 W | 75.0% | 0.0 TWh |
Sáhara Occidental | 227.9 W | 100.0% | 0.1 TWh |
Nicaragua | 227.2 W | 28.2% | 1.6 TWh |
Tayikistán | 218.7 W | 10.2% | 2.3 TWh |
Noruega | 212.8 W | 0.7% | 1.2 TWh |
Guatemala | 189.2 W | 24.6% | 3.4 TWh |
Gambia | 189.0 W | 100.0% | 0.5 TWh |
Vanuatu | 187.3 W | 75.0% | 0.1 TWh |
Zimbabue | 165.2 W | 26.4% | 2.7 TWh |
Comoras | 164.6 W | 100.0% | 0.1 TWh |
Costa Rica | 144.1 W | 6.0% | 0.7 TWh |
Nigeria | 132.9 W | 77.0% | 30.9 TWh |
Territorios Palestinos | 128.2 W | 8.8% | 0.7 TWh |
US-DC | 127.5 W | 0.8% | 0.1 TWh |
Islas Salomón | 125.0 W | 90.9% | 0.1 TWh |
Tanzania | 122.8 W | 73.4% | 8.2 TWh |
Belice | 121.6 W | 6.8% | 0.1 TWh |
Angola | 115.1 W | 23.6% | 4.2 TWh |
Yibuti | 112.8 W | 18.3% | 0.1 TWh |
Eritrea | 112.4 W | 88.6% | 0.4 TWh |
Camerún | 106.1 W | 35.9% | 3.0 TWh |
Mali | 105.2 W | 54.6% | 2.5 TWh |
Zambia | 103.3 W | 11.0% | 2.1 TWh |
Sudán | 99.9 W | 28.4% | 5.0 TWh |
Mozambique | 94.8 W | 16.3% | 3.2 TWh |
Luxemburgo | 92.3 W | 1.3% | 0.1 TWh |
El Salvador | 79.0 W | 7.0% | 0.5 TWh |
Togo | 78.5 W | 36.1% | 0.7 TWh |
Haití | 71.3 W | 81.2% | 0.8 TWh |
Guinea | 70.8 W | 25.2% | 1.0 TWh |
Benín | 68.7 W | 52.7% | 1.0 TWh |
Yemen | 64.7 W | 83.1% | 2.5 TWh |
Burkina Faso | 62.1 W | 43.2% | 1.4 TWh |
Madagascar | 56.2 W | 64.8% | 1.7 TWh |
Sudán del Sur | 47.9 W | 93.2% | 0.6 TWh |
Liberia | 47.3 W | 66.7% | 0.3 TWh |
Guinea-Bisáu | 38.0 W | 100.0% | 0.1 TWh |
Ruanda | 33.0 W | 42.6% | 0.5 TWh |
Níger | 29.8 W | 38.8% | 0.8 TWh |
Kenia | 20.4 W | 8.4% | 1.1 TWh |
Chad | 20.0 W | 94.9% | 0.4 TWh |
Somalia | 18.5 W | 81.0% | 0.3 TWh |
Esuatini | 16.3 W | 1.3% | 0.0 TWh |
Namibia | 13.5 W | 0.9% | 0.0 TWh |
Burundi | 8.8 W | 24.5% | 0.1 TWh |
Islandia | 8.4 W | 0.0% | 0.0 TWh |
Malaui | 3.9 W | 4.4% | 0.1 TWh |
Vermont | 3.2 W | 0.0% | 0.0 TWh |
Uganda | 3.2 W | 2.6% | 0.1 TWh |
Afganistán | 3.1 W | 1.8% | 0.1 TWh |
Sierra Leona | 1.2 W | 4.8% | 0.0 TWh |
Suecia | 1.1 W | 0.0% | 0.0 TWh |
Paraguay | 0.0 W | 0.0% | 0.0 TWh |
Suiza | 0.0 W | 0.0% | N/A TWh |
Albania | 0.0 W | 0.0% | 0.0 TWh |
Nepal | 0.0 W | 0.0% | 0.0 TWh |
República Democrática del Congo | 0.0 W | 0.0% | 0.0 TWh |
Etiopía | 0.0 W | 0.0% | 0.0 TWh |
República Centroafricana | 0.0 W | 0.0% | 0.0 TWh |