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34% of global electricity is generated from Coal

34.35 % Share of global electricity
820 gCO2eq/kWh Carbon Intensity

Coal is a robustly established form of fossil fuel energy that has been widely used across the globe for centuries. It is a black or brownish-black sedimentary rock that is primarily composed of carbon. Noted for its high energy content, coal has served as a fundamental powerhouse for various industries over the years. While other low-carbon energy sources such as wind, nuclear, and solar have been proliferating and gaining increased recognition for their environmental advantages, coal remains a prevalent source of energy worldwide due to its abundance and easy accessibility.

To generate electricity from coal, the process generally involves its combustion in a power plant. The coal is typically pulverized, converted into a fine powder, and then ignited to produce heat. This heat is then used to boil water and generate steam, which subsequently drives a steam turbine connected to an electric generator. In this way, the thermal energy from the ignited coal is converted into mechanical energy by the steam turbine and finally into electrical energy by the generator.

However, there are numerous disadvantages associated with the use of this fossil fuel source. Perhaps the most notable one is its carbon intensity. In terms of carbon emissions, coal averages a significant 820 gCO2eq/kWh, which makes it one of the most carbon-intensive energy sources. In sharp contrast, low-carbon energy sources such as wind, nuclear, and solar exhibit significantly lower carbon intensities, averaging around 11, 12, and 45 gCO2eq/kWh respectively.

Air pollution is another serious drawback of using coal. Coal-based power plants emit a wide range of toxic byproducts into the air, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulates, and heavy metals like mercury and lead. These pollutants have been linked with a range of detrimental health impacts, including respiratory diseases and heart conditions. In contrast, clean energy alternatives such as nuclear, wind, and solar energy do not produce these harmful emissions during operation, making them attractive options for sustainable, green energy.

Country/Region Watts / person % TWh
Republic of China (Taiwan) 4859.6 W 39.3% 113.3 TWh
Australia 4855.3 W 45.9% 128.4 TWh
People's Republic of China 4120.7 W 58.2% 5862.1 TWh
New Caledonia 3970.3 W 36.9% 1.1 TWh
South Korea 3620.8 W 30.1% 187.4 TWh
Serbia 3437.1 W 62.4% 23.3 TWh
Kazakhstan 3203.6 W 54.5% 65.1 TWh
South Africa 3181.5 W 82.2% 201.1 TWh
Bosnia & Herzegovina 3007.8 W 62.7% 9.6 TWh
Brunei 2636.4 W 21.6% 1.2 TWh
Japan 2619.7 W 31.9% 325.8 TWh
Czechia 2467.2 W 36.5% 26.7 TWh
Malaysia 2429.2 W 43.6% 85.3 TWh
Poland 2349.2 W 52.9% 91.1 TWh
Montenegro 2320.2 W 39.1% 1.5 TWh
Mongolia 2103.8 W 68.2% 7.2 TWh
United States 1900.4 W 14.8% 652.8 TWh
Hong Kong SAR China 1782.9 W 27.0% 13.3 TWh
Slovenia 1628.6 W 20.3% 3.5 TWh
Laos 1589.0 W 23.3% 12.2 TWh
Russia 1548.4 W 18.6% 225.2 TWh
Vietnam 1488.3 W 48.4% 149.3 TWh
Israel 1418.5 W 17.6% 13.1 TWh
Turkey 1390.0 W 35.5% 121.3 TWh
The World 1309.8 W 34.3% 10598.7 TWh
North Macedonia 1243.4 W 34.0% 2.3 TWh
Germany 1234.2 W 20.8% 104.3 TWh
Bulgaria 1178.7 W 21.6% 8.0 TWh
Puerto Rico 1076.5 W 18.6% 3.5 TWh
Réunion 1067.1 W 27.6% 0.9 TWh
India 1066.8 W 74.6% 1534.1 TWh
Botswana 999.9 W 55.0% 2.5 TWh
Mauritius 863.7 W 33.6% 1.1 TWh
Indonesia 773.8 W 61.9% 217.6 TWh
Chile 728.8 W 16.1% 14.3 TWh
Dominican Republic 699.8 W 29.8% 7.9 TWh
Philippines 684.8 W 62.5% 78.7 TWh
Morocco 676.7 W 55.0% 25.5 TWh
Canada 664.6 W 4.2% 26.1 TWh
EU 596.3 W 9.8% 268.7 TWh
Ukraine 592.3 W 21.4% 24.3 TWh
Guadeloupe 571.9 W 13.4% 0.2 TWh
Cambodia 506.2 W 41.0% 8.8 TWh
New Zealand 464.3 W 5.4% 2.4 TWh
Thailand 464.1 W 14.1% 33.3 TWh
Netherlands 452.1 W 6.7% 8.2 TWh
Denmark 418.6 W 6.3% 2.5 TWh
Romania 357.2 W 12.2% 6.8 TWh
North Korea 350.6 W 34.8% 9.2 TWh
Kyrgyzstan 332.2 W 11.2% 2.4 TWh
Greece 321.2 W 5.7% 3.3 TWh
Hungary 248.8 W 4.9% 2.4 TWh
Colombia 222.2 W 13.3% 11.6 TWh
Croatia 218.2 W 4.4% 0.8 TWh
Tajikistan 182.9 W 8.4% 1.9 TWh
Ireland 182.8 W 2.7% 0.9 TWh
Mexico 166.2 W 5.9% 21.6 TWh
Zimbabwe 165.2 W 26.4% 2.7 TWh
Uzbekistan 159.9 W 7.2% 5.7 TWh
Bangladesh 133.8 W 18.6% 22.9 TWh
Guatemala 130.8 W 17.0% 2.4 TWh
Finland 119.6 W 0.8% 0.7 TWh
Panama 103.2 W 3.6% 0.5 TWh
Zambia 102.8 W 10.9% 2.1 TWh
Pakistan 102.7 W 13.9% 25.4 TWh
Singapore 98.5 W 1.0% 0.6 TWh
Slovakia 96.0 W 1.8% 0.5 TWh
Italy 78.0 W 1.5% 4.6 TWh
Brazil 74.1 W 2.1% 15.7 TWh
Spain 55.3 W 0.9% 2.6 TWh
Myanmar (Burma) 45.1 W 9.6% 2.4 TWh
United Kingdom 33.5 W 0.7% 2.3 TWh
Senegal 26.0 W 5.5% 0.5 TWh
France 25.7 W 0.3% 1.7 TWh
Madagascar 16.8 W 19.3% 0.5 TWh
Eswatini 16.3 W 1.3% 0.0 TWh
Argentina 14.3 W 0.4% 0.7 TWh
Iran 10.2 W 0.2% 0.9 TWh
Namibia 10.1 W 0.6% 0.0 TWh
Niger 6.9 W 9.0% 0.2 TWh
Norway 5.4 W 0.0% 0.0 TWh
Rwanda 3.6 W 4.6% 0.1 TWh
Belarus 3.3 W 0.1% 0.0 TWh
Peru 2.4 W 0.1% 0.1 TWh
Afghanistan 0.7 W 0.4% 0.0 TWh
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