In 2024, Finland made remarkable strides in electricity generation, with over 91% of its electricity coming from low-carbon sources. This achievement underscores Finland's dedication to clean energy, as more than a third of its electricity is produced from nuclear power. Wind energy accounts for almost a quarter, while hydropower and biofuels contribute nearly a sixth and just over a tenth, respectively. Fossil fuels are used to produce a mere 5% of electricity, while net imports and solar energy contribute marginal amounts. As Finland looks to the future, the challenge will be expanding electrification in sectors such as transport, heating, and industry, necessitating a significant increase in low-carbon electricity generation.
Is Electricity Growing in Finland?
Despite this progress, electricity consumption per person in Finland has not reached its peak levels seen in 2006, when it was nearly 17,800 kWh per person. In 2024, consumption per person was around 15,500 kWh, marking a decrease that reflects not just changes in demand but also improvements in energy efficiency. However, it's heartening to note that Finland hit an all-time high in low-carbon electricity generation, with over 14,100 kWh per person, a significant increase compared to the previous year. This growth in clean electricity generation is a positive development, but further efforts are needed to ensure overall electricity consumption grows in line with future electrification needs.
Suggestions
To bolster European leadership in sustainable energy, Finland should continue investing in the expansion of nuclear and wind power. These sources already contribute significantly to the country's electricity mix and offer great potential for scaling up. Expanding nuclear capacity is a proven method to ensure a stable and substantial supply of low-carbon energy. Similarly, capitalizing on advancements in technology and infrastructure can boost wind energy production. While hydropower and biofuels remain integral parts of Finland's energy landscape, prioritizing nuclear and wind expansion will provide the robust, reliable growth needed to meet the country's future electricity demands.
History
The journey of low-carbon electricity in Finland is marked by significant developments, particularly in the past few decades. In the early 1980s, nuclear energy saw a significant rise, with an increase of 7.4 TWh in 1981 alone, becoming a cornerstone of the Finnish electricity supply. Over the years, hydroelectric power also experienced fluctuations, with notable increases in the early 2000s, but marked by periods of decline which necessitated greater consistency. The 2020s saw remarkable momentum in wind energy, with substantial increases in 2022 and 2023, underscoring its growing importance alongside a notable boost in nuclear energy in 2023. This continued growth trajectory, particularly in wind energy throughout 2024, positions Finland well for achieving further advancements in its green energy ambitions.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.