Electricity in Germany in 2023

In 2023, Germany's electricity consumption is characterized by a notable reliance on both low-carbon and fossil energy sources. Low-carbon energy accounts for more than half of the total electricity consumption, making up approximately 53.2%. Among these, wind power is a significant contributor, generating 26.73%, followed by solar power at almost 12%, biofuels at about 9%, and a minor portion from hydropower at nearly 4%. On the other hand, fossil energy constitutes almost 45% of the electricity mix, with coal being the most dominant source at around 27%, followed by gas at nearly 17%, and oil at just over 1%. Additionally, nuclear energy, while still present, contributes close to none, with a share of around 1.7%. Net imports make up a small fraction at 1.74%.

Suggestions

To increase the share of low-carbon electricity generation, Germany can focus on further expanding its already significant wind and solar capacities. Wind and solar technologies have proven effective, contributing substantial shares to the country's electricity mix. Germany can learn from the example of Denmark, where wind energy makes up a remarkable 53% of electricity generation. Additionally, Germany can consider revitalizing its nuclear sector by looking at countries with successful nuclear programs, such as France, where nuclear energy provides 65% of electricity, or Slovakia with 62%. These examples demonstrate the potential benefits of nuclear power in providing a stable and substantial low-carbon energy source.

History

Historically, Germany has seen significant fluctuations in its low-carbon electricity generation, particularly in the nuclear sector. The 1980s were marked by substantial increases in nuclear electricity, with notable jumps such as 26.3 TWh in 1984 and 34.3 TWh in 1985. However, the early 2000s saw a downturn, with notable reductions like -26.8 TWh in 2007. The post-2010 period experienced even larger declines, highlighted by -32.6 TWh in 2011 and -34.4 TWh in 2022. In contrast, wind power has seen consistent growth in the last few decades, with significant increases such as 22.1 TWh in 2015 and 25.8 TWh in 2017. Solar power also saw a notable increase of 11.4 TWh in 2022. These trends illustrate the potential for sustained growth in wind and solar, while also highlighting the critical need for a stable nuclear policy to maintain and enhance low-carbon electricity generation.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Maximum Imports

Data Sources