Electricity in Germany in 2024

In 2024, Germany primarily relies on low-carbon sources for its electricity generation, with these cleaner energy options accounting for more than 60% of the total. Among these, wind power stands out by generating nearly a third of the country's electricity. Solar power contributes more than 13%, while biofuels and hydropower add nearly 18% combined. However, fossil fuels still make up about a third of Germany's electricity mix. Coal, constituting around 21%, and gas, at more than 12%, continue to play a significant role in the energy portfolio. Net imports supplement the domestic generation to a minor extent, comprising a bit over 5%.

Suggestions

To further increase its low-carbon electricity generation, Germany could expand its current wind and solar infrastructure. Both these sectors already contribute substantially to the energy mix and hold the potential for further development. Meanwhile, Germany can learn from countries like France and Slovakia, where nuclear energy provides a major share, at 68% and 60% respectively. By considering a robust nuclear energy program alongside wind and solar enhancements, Germany can significantly reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and address the environmental challenges posed by them.

History

Historically, Germany saw significant growth in nuclear generation during the 1970s and 1980s, with increments like 11.7 TWh in 1977 and 34.3 TWh in 1985. However, the 21st century experienced dramatic declines, with steep reductions such as -26.8 TWh in 2007 and -34.4 TWh in 2022, undermining low-carbon electricity efforts. Simultaneously, wind energy saw commendable growth from the early 2010s, including a spike of 22.1 TWh in 2015. In recent years, solar and hydropower have shown significant progress as well, notably in 2022 and 2024. Nonetheless, the erratic nuclear phase-out strategy has detracted from Germany's clean energy objectives, stressing the need for strategic revisions to cover the rising energy demand sustainably.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Maximum Imports

Data Sources