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59% of global electricity is generated from Fossil

59.13 % Share of global electricity
[ 490, 820 ] gCO2eq/kWh Carbon Intensity

Fossil energy sources, which primarily include coal, oil, and natural gas, have been the bedrock of global electricity generation for decades. As non-renewable resources formed from the remains of ancient organisms, fossil fuels are rich in carbon and hydrocarbons, making them highly efficient for energy production. These energy sources play a pivotal role on the global stage, currently supplying more than half of the world's electricity. Many countries, especially those rich in fossil fuel reserves, such as Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Brunei, rely almost entirely on these sources for their electricity needs. This widespread dependence underscores the significant role fossil energy has played in propelling electricity generation up to this point.

To generate electricity from these fossil fuels, power plants use processes like combustion, where coal, oil, or natural gas is burned in a furnace to heat up water in a boiler. The heat turns the water into steam, which then drives a turbine connected to an electricity generator. This mechanical flow is converted into electricity, which is distributed for public and industrial consumption. Although this method is efficient in terms of energy output, it comes with high carbon emissions, contributing significantly to global warming and air pollution. For instance, coal produces around 820 gCO2eq/kWh, while oil and gas generate approximately 650 and 490 gCO2eq/kWh, respectively. These figures highlight the necessity to transition towards cleaner energy alternatives to achieve sustainable development.

One of the primary advantages of low-carbon energy technologies such as wind, nuclear, and solar is their minimal carbon footprint compared to fossil fuels. Wind power, for instance, boasts a remarkably low carbon intensity of about 11 gCO2eq/kWh, while solar energy generates around 45 gCO2eq/kWh. Nuclear energy is particularly impressive, with a carbon intensity of just 12 gCO2eq/kWh, making it one of the cleanest forms of electricity generation. These low-carbon options are vital for reducing the carbon emissions associated with electricity production, a crucial step in combating climate change and ensuring cleaner air.

Moreover, embracing low-carbon technologies aids in diversifying energy sources, reducing the heavy reliance on fossil fuels. While fossil fuels currently dominate electricity generation in many regions, the global shift towards solar and nuclear power can lead to more sustainable energy systems. This transition is essential for countries seeking to secure a stable and environmentally responsible electricity supply. Low-carbon technologies also provide the promise of energy security and sustainable development, benefitting both current and future generations.

Lastly, the widespread adoption and expansion of solar and nuclear energy are key drivers of innovation and economic growth. Investments in these clean energy sources stimulate technological advancement and create numerous job opportunities within the renewable energy sector. Consequently, countries that invest in solar and nuclear infrastructure not only reduce their carbon emissions but also reap economic benefits, making them leaders in the ongoing global energy transformation.

Country/Region kWh/person % TWh
Bahrain 22985.7 W 99.7% 36.1 TWh
Qatar 19636.9 W 99.8% 58.5 TWh
Kuwait 17721.4 W 97.8% 85.8 TWh
Saudi Arabia 12539.0 W 98.6% 417.1 TWh
Brunei 12179.7 W 100.0% 5.6 TWh
United Arab Emirates 11175.8 W 72.1% 118.9 TWh
Republic of China (Taiwan) 10291.8 W 83.2% 240.0 TWh
Guam 10048.9 W 92.2% 1.7 TWh
Singapore 9794.3 W 95.1% 56.7 TWh
St. Pierre & Miquelon 8680.6 W 100.0% 0.1 TWh
Oman 8219.0 W 95.8% 41.5 TWh
New Caledonia 7940.6 W 73.8% 2.3 TWh
Bermuda 7763.4 W 100.0% 0.5 TWh
Aruba 7700.0 W 83.0% 0.8 TWh
U.S. Virgin Islands 7583.5 W 97.0% 0.7 TWh
United States 7418.1 W 57.9% 2547.9 TWh
South Korea 7221.2 W 60.1% 373.7 TWh
Israel 7194.0 W 89.5% 66.6 TWh
Australia 6826.6 W 64.5% 180.6 TWh
Trinidad & Tobago 6314.3 W 99.9% 9.5 TWh
Japan 5630.5 W 68.5% 700.3 TWh
Turks & Caicos Islands 5625.4 W 100.0% 0.3 TWh
Gibraltar 5525.3 W 100.0% 0.2 TWh
Puerto Rico 5438.0 W 94.2% 17.6 TWh
Russia 5335.6 W 64.1% 776.0 TWh
Bahamas 5106.4 W 99.0% 2.0 TWh
Hong Kong SAR China 5008.9 W 75.7% 37.3 TWh
Kazakhstan 4940.0 W 84.0% 100.4 TWh
Faroe Islands 4811.3 W 54.2% 0.3 TWh
Libya 4804.5 W 97.7% 35.1 TWh
Turkmenistan 4544.8 W 100.0% 33.5 TWh
Malaysia 4522.3 W 81.1% 158.8 TWh
St. Kitts & Nevis 4493.8 W 95.5% 0.2 TWh
People's Republic of China 4387.3 W 61.9% 6241.3 TWh
British Virgin Islands 4358.1 W 100.0% 0.2 TWh
Seychelles 4220.0 W 85.7% 0.5 TWh
Iran 3942.4 W 92.1% 357.2 TWh
Serbia 3767.8 W 68.4% 25.5 TWh
Antigua & Barbuda 3642.9 W 94.4% 0.3 TWh
Barbados 3577.1 W 91.8% 1.0 TWh
American Samoa 3575.7 W 100.0% 0.2 TWh
Malta 3452.4 W 58.0% 1.8 TWh
Curaçao 3381.2 W 70.9% 0.6 TWh
Nauru 3361.3 W 100.0% 0.0 TWh
Canada 3308.2 W 20.7% 130.0 TWh
Iraq 3295.2 W 96.8% 148.5 TWh
Ireland 3250.2 W 47.6% 16.9 TWh
Cyprus 3241.7 W 76.2% 4.4 TWh
South Africa 3228.6 W 83.4% 204.1 TWh
Martinique 3147.7 W 73.8% 1.1 TWh
Netherlands 3128.9 W 46.3% 56.6 TWh
Poland 3080.3 W 69.4% 119.4 TWh
Bosnia & Herzegovina 3026.6 W 63.1% 9.6 TWh
Belarus 3001.4 W 59.6% 27.4 TWh
Czechia 2847.4 W 42.2% 30.8 TWh
Greece 2809.7 W 50.3% 28.8 TWh
Guadeloupe 2781.4 W 65.2% 1.1 TWh
Réunion 2547.2 W 65.9% 2.2 TWh
Azerbaijan 2497.5 W 88.0% 25.8 TWh
Germany 2400.2 W 40.4% 202.9 TWh
Thailand 2369.5 W 71.8% 169.9 TWh
Montenegro 2320.2 W 39.1% 1.5 TWh
The World 2254.7 W 59.1% 18244.3 TWh
Italy 2254.1 W 42.5% 134.1 TWh
Montserrat 2234.1 W 100.0% 0.0 TWh
Mongolia 2205.8 W 71.6% 7.6 TWh
St. Lucia 2181.3 W 97.5% 0.4 TWh
Turkey 2126.4 W 54.3% 185.6 TWh
Mauritius 2120.0 W 82.6% 2.7 TWh
North Macedonia 2118.1 W 57.9% 3.9 TWh
Mexico 2079.4 W 74.1% 269.8 TWh
Algeria 2066.3 W 99.1% 95.4 TWh
Grenada 2052.5 W 100.0% 0.2 TWh
Argentina 1974.8 W 57.7% 89.9 TWh
Dominica 1954.0 W 86.7% 0.1 TWh
Uzbekistan 1941.0 W 87.4% 69.2 TWh
Suriname 1939.9 W 57.0% 1.2 TWh
Estonia 1923.6 W 29.3% 2.6 TWh
Slovenia 1911.8 W 23.8% 4.0 TWh
Dominican Republic 1908.0 W 81.4% 21.6 TWh
Egypt 1811.5 W 88.4% 207.5 TWh
EU 1756.1 W 28.9% 791.4 TWh
Vietnam 1704.9 W 55.5% 171.1 TWh
French Polynesia 1676.2 W 66.2% 0.5 TWh
Tunisia 1639.3 W 85.7% 20.0 TWh
Laos 1589.0 W 23.3% 12.2 TWh
Jordan 1541.4 W 76.6% 17.4 TWh
Moldova 1512.8 W 70.9% 4.6 TWh
Guyana 1512.7 W 93.3% 1.3 TWh
Maldives 1501.9 W 92.9% 0.8 TWh
Bulgaria 1481.8 W 27.1% 10.1 TWh
Belgium 1421.5 W 19.7% 16.6 TWh
United Kingdom 1393.2 W 30.4% 95.7 TWh
Jamaica 1377.2 W 87.1% 3.9 TWh
Chile 1366.8 W 30.1% 26.9 TWh
Spain 1360.0 W 23.2% 65.2 TWh
Cook Islands 1356.2 W 50.0% 0.0 TWh
Cuba 1322.1 W 95.3% 14.6 TWh
New Zealand 1283.6 W 14.9% 6.6 TWh
St. Vincent & Grenadines 1282.9 W 86.7% 0.1 TWh
Greenland 1249.7 W 13.0% 0.1 TWh
Armenia 1195.9 W 39.8% 3.5 TWh
Austria 1142.3 W 13.3% 10.4 TWh
India 1109.4 W 77.5% 1595.4 TWh
Panama 1103.4 W 38.2% 4.9 TWh
Croatia 1070.3 W 21.5% 4.2 TWh
Botswana 1040.2 W 57.2% 2.6 TWh
Hungary 1033.4 W 20.4% 10.0 TWh
Indonesia 1015.0 W 81.2% 285.4 TWh
French Guiana 938.6 W 28.6% 0.3 TWh
Romania 883.4 W 30.2% 16.9 TWh
Latvia 881.9 W 21.9% 1.7 TWh
Philippines 857.4 W 78.3% 98.5 TWh
Syria 854.8 W 95.6% 19.2 TWh
Morocco 843.5 W 68.5% 31.8 TWh
Finland 819.5 W 5.3% 4.6 TWh
Ukraine 780.0 W 28.2% 32.0 TWh
Peru 768.2 W 40.7% 26.0 TWh
Georgia 743.3 W 19.8% 2.8 TWh
Slovakia 743.0 W 14.0% 4.1 TWh
Denmark 712.8 W 10.8% 4.2 TWh
Cape Verde 692.6 W 72.0% 0.4 TWh
Gabon 668.1 W 44.0% 1.7 TWh
Congo - Brazzaville 663.1 W 79.3% 4.1 TWh
Portugal 657.7 W 12.1% 6.9 TWh
Bangladesh 650.6 W 90.3% 111.5 TWh
Venezuela 633.5 W 21.6% 17.9 TWh
Bolivia 625.6 W 62.0% 7.7 TWh
Colombia 596.1 W 35.6% 31.2 TWh
Equatorial Guinea 584.6 W 68.8% 1.1 TWh
Tonga 573.5 W 85.7% 0.1 TWh
Cambodia 534.9 W 43.3% 9.3 TWh
Ecuador 520.0 W 28.1% 9.3 TWh
Lithuania 504.5 W 11.5% 1.4 TWh
France 483.0 W 5.8% 32.1 TWh
Norway 454.8 W 1.6% 2.5 TWh
Fiji 454.5 W 36.5% 0.4 TWh
Ghana 441.9 W 61.5% 14.9 TWh
Honduras 422.7 W 37.8% 4.5 TWh
Samoa 415.4 W 60.0% 0.1 TWh
Lebanon 412.2 W 52.7% 2.4 TWh
Macao SAR China 411.7 W 5.4% 0.3 TWh
Pakistan 394.7 W 53.3% 97.7 TWh
Kyrgyzstan 377.5 W 12.7% 2.7 TWh
North Korea 372.2 W 36.9% 9.8 TWh
Timor-Leste 368.4 W 100.0% 0.5 TWh
Sri Lanka 365.0 W 49.6% 8.4 TWh
Brazil 358.9 W 10.0% 75.8 TWh
São Tomé & Príncipe 353.5 W 88.9% 0.1 TWh
Senegal 348.5 W 73.8% 6.3 TWh
Papua New Guinea 347.5 W 76.3% 3.6 TWh
Myanmar (Burma) 284.1 W 60.8% 15.4 TWh
Uruguay 274.5 W 5.4% 0.9 TWh
Côte d’Ivoire 246.1 W 68.9% 7.7 TWh
Mauritania 244.1 W 58.9% 1.2 TWh
Kiribati 229.9 W 75.0% 0.0 TWh
Western Sahara 227.9 W 100.0% 0.1 TWh
Nicaragua 227.2 W 28.2% 1.6 TWh
Luxembourg 225.5 W 2.2% 0.1 TWh
Tajikistan 223.3 W 10.2% 2.3 TWh
Sweden 220.8 W 1.3% 2.3 TWh
Switzerland 202.9 W 2.3% 1.8 TWh
Guatemala 189.2 W 24.6% 3.4 TWh
Gambia 189.0 W 100.0% 0.5 TWh
Vanuatu 187.3 W 75.0% 0.1 TWh
Zimbabwe 165.2 W 26.4% 2.7 TWh
Comoros 164.6 W 100.0% 0.1 TWh
Costa Rica 144.9 W 6.0% 0.7 TWh
Nigeria 135.6 W 77.0% 30.9 TWh
Palestinian Territories 128.2 W 8.8% 0.7 TWh
Solomon Islands 125.0 W 90.9% 0.1 TWh
Tanzania 122.8 W 73.4% 8.2 TWh
Belize 121.6 W 6.8% 0.1 TWh
Angola 115.1 W 23.6% 4.2 TWh
Djibouti 112.8 W 18.3% 0.1 TWh
Eritrea 112.4 W 88.6% 0.4 TWh
Cameroon 106.1 W 35.9% 3.0 TWh
Mali 105.2 W 54.6% 2.5 TWh
Zambia 103.3 W 11.0% 2.1 TWh
Sudan 99.9 W 28.4% 5.0 TWh
Mozambique 94.8 W 16.3% 3.2 TWh
El Salvador 79.2 W 7.0% 0.5 TWh
Togo 78.5 W 36.1% 0.7 TWh
Haiti 71.3 W 81.2% 0.8 TWh
Guinea 70.8 W 25.2% 1.0 TWh
Benin 68.7 W 52.7% 1.0 TWh
Yemen 64.7 W 83.1% 2.5 TWh
Burkina Faso 62.1 W 43.2% 1.4 TWh
Madagascar 56.2 W 64.8% 1.7 TWh
South Sudan 47.9 W 93.2% 0.6 TWh
Liberia 47.3 W 66.7% 0.3 TWh
Guinea-Bissau 38.0 W 100.0% 0.1 TWh
Rwanda 33.0 W 42.6% 0.5 TWh
Niger 29.8 W 38.8% 0.8 TWh
Kenya 20.8 W 8.4% 1.1 TWh
Chad 20.0 W 94.9% 0.4 TWh
Somalia 18.5 W 81.0% 0.3 TWh
Eswatini 16.3 W 1.3% 0.0 TWh
Namibia 13.5 W 0.9% 0.0 TWh
Burundi 8.8 W 24.5% 0.1 TWh
Iceland 7.5 W 0.0% 0.0 TWh
Malawi 3.9 W 4.4% 0.1 TWh
Uganda 3.2 W 2.6% 0.1 TWh
Afghanistan 3.1 W 1.8% 0.1 TWh
Sierra Leone 1.2 W 4.8% 0.0 TWh
Paraguay 0.0 W 0.0% 0.0 TWh
Albania 0.0 W 0.0% 0.0 TWh
Nepal 0.0 W 0.0% 0.0 TWh
Congo - Kinshasa 0.0 W 0.0% 0.0 TWh
Ethiopia 0.0 W 0.0% 0.0 TWh
Central African Republic 0.0 W 0.0% 0.0 TWh
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