Venezuela's electricity generation landscape is dominated by low-carbon sources, with over three-quarters of the electricity coming from hydropower. Hydropower alone accounts for almost all of the low-carbon electricity, contributing to about 78% of the total electricity generation. Meanwhile, fossil fuels provide the remaining portion, making up roughly 22% of the country's electricity mix, with natural gas being the primary fossil fuel source at around 15%. This heavy reliance on clean, hydropower-based electricity places Venezuela in a positive position regarding low-carbon energy utilization, despite the challenges posed by dependence on a single clean energy source.
Is Electricity Growing in Venezuela?
Electricity consumption in Venezuela, however, is experiencing a downward trend. In 2023, the per capita electricity consumption stands at 2931 kWh, which is a significant drop from the previous peak of 4329 kWh per person in 2014, marking a decrease of almost 1400 kWh. The low-carbon electricity consumption has also decreased, with recent numbers showing 2297 kWh per person, down from the 2008 peak of 3095 kWh. The declines in both overall and low-carbon electricity consumption could reflect broader economic challenges and emphasize the urgent need for revitalization in the country's electricity infrastructure.
Suggestions
To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Venezuela could look to successful regions that have harnessed diverse clean energy sources. Countries like France and Slovakia have demonstrated significant achievements in nuclear power, generating more than 60% of their electricity from this low-carbon energy. Similarly, states like Iowa and South Dakota have achieved substantial shares of electricity generation from wind, at about 60%. Venezuela could leverage its geographical advantages for solar power development, similar to Lebanon, which generates nearly a third of its electricity from solar energy. Embracing a mix of solar and nuclear energy could enhance Venezuela's energy security and sustainability, while reducing its reliance on fossil fuels.
History
In the historical context, Venezuela experienced significant increases in hydroelectric power during the late 20th century and early 2000s. The late 1980s and early 1990s saw consistent growth, with annual increases often exceeding 3 TWh. A remarkable leap occurred in 2004 and 2005, with significant additions of 9.5 TWh and 7.2 TWh, respectively. However, the country faced setbacks, particularly from 2010 onwards, with marked decreases such as in 2016, when a decline of nearly 12 TWh was recorded. The recent history highlights both the successes in expansion and the critical need for stable management and investment to sustain and grow low-carbon electricity generation.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.