15% of global electricity is generated from Hydropower

Hydropower, often called simply "hydro," is a form of energy harnessed from the gravitational potential energy of water. Typically, this involves the construction of a dam on a river to store water in a reservoir. When the water is released, it flows through turbines, converting the kinetic energy of moving water into mechanical energy. This energy is then transformed into electricity via generators. Hydropower is one of the oldest and most widely used methods of generating electricity and is key to some nations' energy strategies due to its reliability and capability to produce significant amounts of electricity.

To generate electricity using hydropower, water is directed through turbines from a reservoir or a river. As the water flows through the turbines, its kinetic energy is converted into mechanical energy, which then rotates the turbines coupled to generators. These generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, which can then be distributed to the grid. Modern hydroelectric power stations make use of advanced technology to optimize efficiency, often equipped with control systems for monitoring and maximizing electricity generation while ensuring ecological balance in the water bodies they utilize.

One significant advantage of hydropower is its remarkably low carbon intensity, with emissions averaging around 24 gCO2eq/kWh. Compared to fossil fuels like coal (820 gCO2eq/kWh) and oil (650 gCO2eq/kWh), hydropower represents a cleaner, less polluting option that does not contribute significantly to air pollution or climate change. It stands among other clean energy technologies like wind (11 gCO2eq/kWh), nuclear (12 gCO2eq/kWh), and solar (45 gCO2eq/kWh) as an essential part of transitioning to a more sustainable energy system.

Globally, hydropower contributes around 15% of all electricity consumed. This substantial share highlights its importance in the global energy mix and its capability to meet large electricity demands sustainably. In specific countries renowned for their natural water resources, hydropower accounts for even greater proportions of electricity generation, demonstrating its potential when resources align. In Iceland, for example, hydropower generates 73% of the country's electricity. Norway relies so heavily on this resource that it accounts for around 90% of its electricity. Similarly, Bhutan and Canada generate 93% and 55% of their electricity from hydropower, respectively, showcasing its viability and adaptability across diverse environments. Even in the U.S. state of Montana, hydropower takes a notable share, producing 34% of its electricity.

The global reliance on hydropower underlines its longstanding role in providing reliable, low-carbon electricity. As the demand for electricity grows, particularly clean electricity, it stands alongside other key low-carbon technologies like wind, solar, and nuclear. Together, they form a cleaner, more sustainable energy portfolio that is vital for addressing the challenges posed by climate change and air pollution. The growth of these technologies, supported by advanced strategies like expanding nuclear and solar, will ensure that future energy demands are met responsibly.