14% of global electricity is generated from Hydropower

Hydropower, or hydroelectric power, harnesses the energy of flowing water, typically from rivers or reservoirs, to generate electricity. This form of energy has been utilized for centuries, initially for mechanical tasks like grinding grain or pumping water, but in contemporary times it primarily serves to produce electricity. Hydropower plants typically rely on dams to store river water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through turbines, generating electricity as it spins them. This renewable energy source is highly efficient and can provide consistent power output, making it a staple in the global energy mix.

The process of generating electricity from hydro involves several key steps. Water stored in a reservoir behind a dam is channeled through turbines. As the water flows over the turbine blades, it causes them to spin. This rotation activates a generator, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generated electricity is then transmitted via power lines to homes and businesses. Hydroelectric plants can be swiftly ramped up or down to match demand, offering a reliable and flexible power source.

One of the major advantages of hydroelectric power is its low carbon intensity, which is about 24 gCO2eq/kWh. This is significantly lower than fossil fuels such as coal (820 gCO2eq/kWh) and gas (490 gCO2eq/kWh), contributing to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and helping combat climate change. In comparison, wind and nuclear power also boast very low carbon intensities of 11 and 12 gCO2eq/kWh, respectively, while solar energy records around 45 gCO2eq/kWh. Collectively, these low-carbon energy sources are vital for creating a sustainable future.

Hydropower plays a substantial role in global electricity generation, accounting for 14.17% of all electricity consumed worldwide. It demonstrates the scalability and potential of hydroelectricity to support a significant portion of the energy grid. Countries like Iceland, Norway, Bhutan, and Paraguay have harnessed hydro to a remarkable extent, generating 70%, 89%, 92%, and 100% of their electricity from hydro, respectively. This emphasizes hydro's capability to meet large-scale energy demands cleanly and sustainably.

Canada also benefits significantly from hydroelectric power, generating 58% of its electricity from this source. These examples underscore the feasibility of hydro as a major electricity provider, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and supporting environmental goals. By combining hydro with other low-carbon technologies like nuclear, wind, and solar, countries can develop a robust and diversified energy sector that minimizes carbon emissions.

In summary, hydroelectric power serves as a crucial component of a clean, green electricity grid. Its low carbon intensity and substantial contribution to global electricity generation demonstrate its pivotal role in reducing dependence on fossil fuels. When integrated with other low-carbon energy sources like nuclear, wind, and solar, hydropower can help drive the transition towards a sustainable and low-carbon future.