14% of global electricity is generated from Hydropower

Hydropower, or hydroelectric energy, is a form of low-carbon energy derived from the movement of water. This natural resource is harnessed using a variety of methods to generate electricity, primarily through the construction of dams and reservoirs that control water flow. By utilizing the Earth's water cycle, hydroelectric installations convert kinetic energy from flowing water into mechanical energy, which is then transformed into electrical energy. As such, these systems play an integral role in the global landscape of green energy solutions.

The process of generating electricity from hydropower generally involves the construction of a dam across a river to create a large reservoir of water. This stored water, when released, flows through turbines, causing them to spin. The energy generated from these spinning turbines drives generators that produce electricity. Because the water cycle is continuously replenished by precipitation, hydropower is a renewable energy source, offering a reliable and steady supply of electricity.

One of the foremost benefits of hydropower is its remarkably low carbon intensity, standing at 24 gCO2eq/kWh. This makes it one of the cleanest energy sources available, contributing significantly to efforts to reduce global carbon emissions. Compared to fossil fuel alternatives like coal and oil, which have carbon intensities of 820 and 650 gCO2eq/kWh respectively, hydropower—and other low-carbon technologies like wind (11 gCO2eq/kWh), nuclear (12 gCO2eq/kWh), and solar (45 gCO2eq/kWh)—offer considerable environmental advantages.

Globally, hydropower accounts for approximately 14% of all electricity consumed, underscoring its vital role in the current energy mix. Its prominence is even more pronounced in certain countries. For instance, in Norway, nearly 90% of the electricity is generated from hydropower, demonstrating a robust commitment to clean energy. Similarly, nations like Bhutan (93%) and Canada (more than half) benefit immensely from this energy source, illustrating its potential for sustainable development. In the U.S., states such as Washington also rely heavily on hydropower, with around 60% of electricity generated through this method.

The widespread use of hydropower across different parts of the world highlights its capability as a long-term solution for sustainable electricity generation. Its integration with other low-carbon technologies like solar, wind, and nuclear forms the backbone of a cleaner energy future. By expanding these clean energy sources, we can tackle pressing issues like climate change and global pollution while catering to the increasing demand for electricity driven by technological advancements and electrification. Embracing nuclear and solar energy along with hydropower is not just an opportunity—it's a necessity for a sustainable, low-carbon future.