14% of global electricity is generated from Hydropower

Hydropower, or hydro, is a method of generating energy that harnesses the power of moving water, typically from rivers or dams. It is one of the oldest and most established forms of energy production. By utilizing the kinetic energy from flowing or falling water, hydro plants transform this natural force into electricity. This form of energy is integral to the global electricity supply and is characterized by its capacity to produce a stable and consistent flow of electricity over time, as long as there is a sufficient water source.

The process of generating electricity from hydro involves several key steps. Firstly, water is directed through turbines from a reservoir or river. As the water flows over the turbine blades, it causes them to spin, activating a generator connected to them. This mechanical movement is then converted into electrical energy through the generator, which is sent to the grid for distribution. Hydro plants can be designed as run-of-the-river systems, which rely on natural water flow, or storage systems, which use a dam to create a reservoir, allowing for more consistent and controllable electricity generation.

Hydropower is a fantastic example of low-carbon energy. With a remarkably low carbon intensity of 24 gCO2eq/kWh, it significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels like coal (820 gCO2eq/kWh) and oil (650 gCO2eq/kWh). Alongside other low-carbon technologies such as wind (11 gCO2eq/kWh), nuclear (12 gCO2eq/kWh), and solar (45 gCO2eq/kWh), hydropower plays a pivotal role in combating climate change and reducing air pollution caused by the burning of fossil fuels.

On a global scale, hydro contributes approximately 14% of the electricity consumed worldwide, highlighting its importance and reliability as a primary source of clean energy. In certain countries and regions, its role is even more significant. For example, in Iceland and Norway, hydro provides 72% and 89% of electricity, respectively. These figures underscore the potential of hydro as a cornerstone of national and regional clean energy strategies, reducing carbon footprints significantly for these areas.

In some U.S. states, hydropower remains a vital energy source. In Montana, hydro accounts for 38% of electricity generation, while in Washington, this share increases to 67%. Such figures demonstrate the adaptability of hydro in various climatic and geographic conditions, supporting a transition towards more sustainable energy systems and diminishing reliance on carbon-intensive fuels.

Overall, hydro, along with wind, nuclear, and solar, forms a robust network of clean and sustainable electricity generation that is crucial for meeting rising global energy demands. This combination of low-carbon technologies presents a hopeful path forward in addressing pressing environmental challenges, especially the need to curb climate change and enhance air quality for future generations. As we celebrate the growth of clean electricity, it becomes evident that these low-carbon sources will play a pivotal role in securing an electrified and environmentally friendly future.