In 2023, more than half of Nicaragua's electricity consumption was generated from clean, low-carbon energy sources such as geothermal, hydropower, and wind. Geothermal energy contributed close to 13%, while hydropower and wind each supplied around 12% and 10% respectively. Interestingly, almost a third of electricity came from biofuels, which further added to the low-carbon share. However, over a quarter of the electricity was still generated from fossil fuels, standing as a considerable faction hindering the transition to a fully clean energy profile. Additionally, about one-fifth of electricity was imported, highlighting an external dependency rather than boosting local clean energy infrastructure.
Data sources used on this page include Ember, IEA and World Bank. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Nicaragua?
When it comes to the growth of electricity usage per person, Nicaragua saw a modest increase over the past year, with consumption rising from 799 kWh per person in 2022 to 806 kWh in 2023. While there was an overall growth in electricity consumption, it is worrisome that the low-carbon portion diminished slightly, dropping from the previous record of 438 kWh per person in 2021 to 413 kWh in 2023. This decline represents a missed opportunity in strengthening clean energy contributions to total electricity. Considering the challenges posed by climate change and the need for sustainable growth, this stagnation in low-carbon electricity is concerning.
Suggestions
To enhance the low-carbon electricity generation, Nicaragua can expand its wind energy capacity, which already has a solid foundation in the country. Looking globally, Nicaragua can draw lessons from Denmark and several U.S. states like Iowa and South Dakota, where wind energy provides more than half of their electricity needs. Additionally, exploring solar and nuclear energy options could further strengthen the clean energy portfolio. Countries and regions like North Macedonia and Nevada have effectively harnessed solar power as significant contributors to their electricity mix. Introducing nuclear energy, as seen in France and Slovakia, which generates more than two-thirds of their electricity from nuclear, can offer further stability and diversification to Nicaragua's energy sources.
History
Historically, Nicaragua's development of low-carbon electricity has seen varied progress across different decades. In the 1970s through to 2000, hydropower showed fluctuations with slight gains and declines in generation. Positive strides were made in the late 2000s, emphasizing a more robust push toward green energy. Notably, geothermal and wind energy appeared in 2012 and 2013, respectively, marking significant advances in Nicaragua's clean energy strategy. From 2013 onwards, wind energy saw substantial growth, complemented by continuous geothermal expansions. Biofuels emerged in 2019 and 2021, further adding to the low-carbon energy contributions. As the 2020s progress, continued focus on expanding wind and exploring new clean energy avenues remains essential for Nicaragua's energy strategy.
