1% of global electricity is generated from Geothermal

Geothermal energy is a clean and sustainable energy source that harnesses the Earth's internal heat to generate electricity and provide heating. This energy originates from the slow decay of radioactive particles in the Earth's core, which can be tapped through geothermal reservoirs situated beneath the Earth's surface. The energy drawn from these reservoirs can be used directly for heating purposes or transformed into electricity. Known for its reliability, geothermal energy is consistent and unaffected by weather conditions, making it an appealing option for base-load electricity generation.

Generating electricity from geothermal sources involves tapping into superheated fluids or steam found beneath the Earth's crust. Wells are drilled into geothermal reservoirs to access this geothermal fluid. The extracted steam or hot water is then used to drive turbines connected to electricity generators. The steam cools down, condenses into water, and is pumped back into the Earth to be reheated, creating a sustainable loop. This efficient conversion process underscores the significance of geothermal energy in the mix of low-carbon electricity sources, joining the ranks of solar, nuclear, and wind energy.

One of the largest advantages of geothermal energy is its low carbon intensity. With emissions standing at 38 gCO2eq/kWh, geothermal is an exemplary low-carbon technology, producing marginal emissions compared to fossil fuels such as coal and oil. These fossil fuels generate carbon emissions ranging from 490 to 820 gCO2eq/kWh, severely impacting climate and air quality. Geothermal, alongside nuclear, solar, and wind energy, represents a vital component of our clean energy transition.

Geothermal energy is already making significant contributions to electricity generation in various regions around the world. For example, it accounts for 28% of the electricity in Iceland, highlighting its potential for countries with accessible geothermal resources. Other places benefitting from geothermal energy's clean electricity include New Zealand, where it supplies 22%, and Costa Rica, which sources 11% of its electricity from geothermal. Even in places like Nevada and California in the U.S., geothermal energy provides 8% and 4% of their electricity, respectively, underscoring its role in their energy strategies. While geothermal contributes to slightly more than half a percent of global electricity, expanding its share is an achievable goal within diversified energy systems.

The transition to low-carbon energy sources is crucial for addressing climate change and improving air quality. Geothermal, in union with other low-carbon technologies like solar, nuclear, and wind, offers a reliable pathway toward decarbonizing our electricity systems. As we face increasing electricity demands from electrification and technological advancements, boosting the installation and integration of clean energy sources into the global electricity framework becomes imperative. By following this green energy trajectory, we stand to deliver sustainable power for future generations.