1% of global electricity is generated from Geothermal

Geothermal energy harnesses the natural heat originating from the Earth's interior. This renewable and sustainable energy source is derived from the thermal energy generated and stored within the Earth. It is primarily utilized by tapping into reservoirs of hot water and steam found below the Earth's surface. This heat can be used directly for heating purposes or can be converted into electricity. The practical use of geothermal energy depends on factors like geological conditions and the technological ability to efficiently harness the subterranean heat.

The process of generating electricity from geothermal energy generally involves the drilling of wells to access steam and hot water from these reservoirs. These fluids are then brought to the surface, where their heat is converted into mechanical energy through turbines. As the turbines spin, they drive generators to produce electricity. The cooled water is often then re-injected into the earth to maintain reservoir pressure and ensure sustainability. This system is notably efficient and can be operated continuously, providing a stable and reliable source of electricity.

One of the most significant advantages of geothermal energy is its low carbon intensity. With an average carbon footprint of only 38 gCO2eq/kWh, geothermal is much cleaner than traditional fossil fuels like coal (820 gCO2eq/kWh) and oil (650 gCO2eq/kWh). This low-carbon characteristic makes geothermal an essential part of efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. Along with other low-carbon sources such as wind, nuclear, and solar, geothermal energy plays a crucial role in the growing shift towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly electricity generation.

Globally, geothermal energy contributes to 0.5% of all electricity consumption, highlighting its current role in diversifying our energy mix. However, some countries have successfully harnessed significant amounts of geothermal energy, showcasing its potential. In Iceland, more than 30% of electricity is produced using geothermal sources. Similarly, New Zealand and El Salvador generate about 20% and 19% of their electricity, respectively, from geothermal power. Even smaller regions, such as Guadeloupe, derive 5% of their electricity from this resource, demonstrating its versatility and capacity to support various scale power needs.

Geothermal energy complements other low-carbon solutions, including wind, nuclear, and solar power, contributing to a diverse and balanced energy portfolio. Like geothermal, these sources offer significant environmental benefits by reducing reliance on fossil fuels, which are associated with negative impacts such as air pollution and climate change. Recognizing their collective importance, it is crucial for countries to invest in and expand these clean energy technologies, paving the way for a sustainable and resilient energy future.