1% of global electricity is generated from Geothermal

Geothermal energy harnesses the heat from within the Earth to generate electricity and provides heating and cooling directly. This energy source taps into the natural thermal energy packed beneath the Earth's crust, taking advantage of the heat produced by the decay of radioactive elements and the residual heat from the planet’s formation. Geothermal reservoirs, which are found in regions with significant volcanic or tectonic activity, are central to this energy system.

The process of generating electricity from geothermal resources involves drilling wells to tap into steam or hot water reservoirs underground. The harvested steam or hot water is then brought to the surface to drive turbines connected to electricity generators. Once the geothermal fluid has passed through the turbine, it can be re-injected into the Earth to sustain the reservoir, ensuring an ongoing supply. This process beautifully blends cutting-edge technology with the stable, consistent heat energy naturally found in geothermal hot spots.

Geothermal energy is a clean, low-carbon technology with significant environmental benefits. Its carbon intensity averages at 38 g CO2eq/kWh, which is significantly lower than fossil fuel-based energies like coal (820 g CO2eq/kWh) and oil (650 g CO2eq/kWh). This positions geothermal energy favorably alongside other low-carbon alternatives such as wind (11 g CO2eq/kWh), nuclear (12 g CO2eq/kWh), and solar (45 g CO2eq/kWh). Collectively, these low-carbon options are pivotal in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and battling climate change, a pressing issue exacerbated by high-carbon fossil fuels.

Although geothermal energy currently generates around 0.5% of the electricity consumed worldwide, its potential for expansion is notable. Certain countries have made impressive strides in leveraging this energy source. For example, almost a third of Iceland’s electricity is sourced from geothermal energy, showcasing its viability in areas with high geothermal activity. Similarly, New Zealand generates 19% of its electricity from geothermal, while Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Guadeloupe derive 11%, 20%, and 5% respectively from this sustainable source. These examples demonstrate the scalability and reliability of geothermal power.

In summary, geothermal energy stands as a vital component of a diversified, low-carbon energy portfolio. It aligns well with other clean energy technologies such as wind, nuclear, and solar, each contributing to the global effort to lower carbon emissions and promote sustainable energy solutions. With its low carbon intensity and proven reliability in various countries, geothermal energy deserves continued attention and investment as part of a broader strategy to transition away from high-carbon fossil fuels.