0% of global electricity is generated from Geothermal

Geothermal energy is a form of low-carbon energy derived from the natural heat of the Earth. This sustainable energy source taps into the Earth's internal heat, which originates from the radioactive decay of materials and the original heat from Earth's formation. By utilizing geothermal energy, we harness the warmth stored beneath the Earth's crust, often in the form of hot water and steam. Since it's continually produced inside the Earth, geothermal is considered a renewable resource and provides a reliable, consistent energy supply.

To generate electricity from geothermal sources, power plants typically use one of three methods: dry steam, flash steam, or binary cycle. In the dry steam process, steam from underground reservoirs is directly piped to turbines that drive electric generators. Flash steam plants bring hot water from the ground under high pressure, then lower the pressure to create steam that can turn a turbine. Binary cycle plants use heat from geothermal fluids to vaporize a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point, and this vapor turns a turbine. Each method converts geothermal heat into electric power efficiently and sustainably.

Geothermal energy offers distinct advantages, particularly in its low carbon emissions. With a carbon intensity of just 38 gCO2eq/kWh, geothermal energy significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels such as coal (820 gCO2eq/kWh) or gas (490 gCO2eq/kWh). Geothermal energy, like other low-carbon technologies such as wind (11 gCO2eq/kWh), nuclear (12 gCO2eq/kWh), and solar (45 gCO2eq/kWh), provides a clean alternative that can help mitigate climate change and improve air quality.

Although geothermal currently accounts for only 0.46% of global electricity consumption, it has proven to be a significant source of electricity in certain regions. For instance, countries like Iceland generate 27% of their electricity from geothermal sources, while New Zealand produces 22%. In the United States, states like Nevada and California use geothermal to generate about 8% and 4% of their electricity, respectively, demonstrating the potential for geothermal energy to contribute to diverse and resilient electricity grids. Costa Rica also exemplifies this trend, deriving 11% of its electricity from geothermal technologies.

The growth of geothermal energy represents only part of a broader shift towards low-carbon electricity. By expanding low-carbon technologies such as wind, nuclear, and solar, countries can meet increasing electricity demands while reducing reliance on fossil fuels. These green energy sources are essential in combating climate change, and investing in their expansion will ensure a sustainable, clean energy future for all. With continued innovation and investment, clean electricity will power the world towards a more resilient and environmentally-friendly future.