NaN% of global electricity is generated from Geothermal

Geothermal energy is a clean, sustainable source of electricity generated from the natural heat stored within the Earth. This heat originates from the planet's core, where radioactive decay processes generate enormous amounts of thermal energy. By tapping into geothermal reservoirs located near tectonic plate boundaries or in volcanic regions, engineers can harness this heat for various applications, including electricity generation and direct heating.

To generate electricity using geothermal energy, fluids such as water or steam are extracted from underground reservoirs through wells drilled into the Earth's crust. These geothermal fluids are then brought to the surface and used to spin turbines connected to electricity generators. Depending on the temperature and pressure characteristics of the geothermal resource, different configurations are employed, such as dry steam, flash steam, or binary cycle power plants. In all cases, the process results in the conversion of heat energy into electrical energy, providing a steady and reliable electricity supply.

One of the primary advantages of geothermal energy is its low carbon intensity. According to the IPCC, geothermal power has an average carbon intensity of 38 gCO2eq/kWh, which is significantly lower than fossil fuels such as coal (820 gCO2eq/kWh) and natural gas (490 gCO2eq/kWh). When compared to other low-carbon sources like wind (11 gCO2eq/kWh), nuclear (12 gCO2eq/kWh), and solar (45 gCO2eq/kWh), geothermal stands out as an environmentally friendly technology. Low-carbon energy sources collectively contribute to mitigating climate change and reducing air pollution, which are critical factors in the transition to a sustainable energy future.

Geothermal energy's contribution to the global electricity mix is still modest but growing. Currently, geothermal generates a small percentage of the world's electricity. However, it plays a more prominent role in certain countries. For instance, in Iceland, almost 30% of their electricity comes from geothermal sources. This substantial share highlights Iceland's successful utilization of its abundant geothermal resources, positioning it as a global leader in sustainable energy technology.

Similarly, New Zealand generates 17% of its electricity from geothermal energy. This country is rich in geothermal resources, especially in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, which has been extensively developed for electricity generation. Countries like Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Guadeloupe also demonstrate the potential of geothermal energy, with electricity generation shares of 11%, 20%, and 5% respectively. These examples show the potential for geothermal energy to provide a significant portion of the electricity supply in regions with suitable geological conditions, supporting the global transition to greener and more sustainable energy systems.

In conclusion, geothermal energy is a valuable low-carbon technology that complements wind, nuclear, and solar power in the quest for a cleaner electricity grid. Its low carbon intensity, ability to provide a reliable baseload power supply, and successful implementation in various countries showcase its potential to contribute substantially to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change. Expanding the use of geothermal, alongside other low-carbon technologies, is essential for establishing a sustainable and green energy future.