Papua New Guinea's electricity consumption in 2023 shows a heavy reliance on fossil fuels, with close to three-quarters of the electricity being generated through these means. Specifically, fossil fuels account for around 76% of the country’s electricity, whereas low-carbon or clean energy sources contribute about 24%. Among the low-carbon options, hydropower is the dominant player, making up 21% of the total electricity mix. Geothermal energy, while present, contributes a much smaller percentage, close to 2%. This distribution highlights the significant potential for further development in low-carbon electricity sources to help reduce the country's reliance on fossil fuels.

Is Electricity Growing in Papua New Guinea?

Looking at the trend in electricity consumption, Papua New Guinea has experienced a decrease in per capita electricity usage, currently standing at 455 kWh per person, a decline from the previous peak recorded in 2004 when it was 555 kWh per person. This reduction in electricity consumption is concerning and suggests that growth has stagnated. Additionally, the country's low-carbon electricity generation per person has also decreased, from 194 kWh in 1995 to just 108 kWh today. These figures underline the need for rejuvenation in both overall electricity generation and specifically in clean electricity production. Without significant growth, the country risks being left behind in meeting future demands driven by technological advancements and shifts towards more sustainable energy solutions.

Suggestions

To enhance its low-carbon electricity generation, Papua New Guinea can draw lessons from the successes of other countries that have robust low-carbon energy sectors. France and Slovakia, for instance, generate more than 60% of their electricity from nuclear power, indicating the potential for nuclear energy to act as a stable and clean electricity source. Similarly, Denmark and Iowa harness the power of wind to provide more than half of their electricity needs, showcasing the viability of wind energy. Although less common in current energy production in Papua New Guinea, solar energy represents a massive opportunity. Regions like Nevada and California have demonstrated how solar can contribute more than 30% to their energy mix. By investing in both nuclear and solar technologies, Papua New Guinea can significantly increase its share of green electricity, contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable energy future.

History

Reflecting on the historical data of low-carbon electricity generation, Papua New Guinea has seen varied growth in its hydropower and geothermal sectors. During the 1980s, there were small but consistent increases in hydropower, with slight augmentations in 1983 and 1986. The mid to late 1990s experienced fluctuations, with notable increases in 1995. The geothermal sector began in 2003 and showed some growth until 2007, but more recent advancements have been limited, culminating in a decline in 2018. It’s evident that while there have been positive efforts in the past, particularly with hydropower, maintaining consistent and robust growth in low-carbon electricity is crucial. Papua New Guinea should renew its focus on expanding these sources to ensure a sustainable electricity grid that can meet technological and environmental challenges in the coming years.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade