In 2023, Papua New Guinea's electricity consumption is primarily driven by fossil fuels, with these accounting for more than three-quarters of the total consumption. Clean energy sources contribute the remaining share, with hydropower standing out at around 21%, followed by a small contribution from geothermal energy at about 2%. The reliance on fossil fuels for almost 76% of electricity generation highlights an urgency for transition towards low-carbon energy sources, which are crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating air pollution, both of which have significant environmental and health impacts.
Is Electricity Growing in Papua New Guinea?
Electricity consumption in Papua New Guinea is facing a declining trajectory over recent decades. In 2023, the per capita consumption stood at 455 kWh, a decrease compared to a previous record of 555 kWh in 2004. This represents a reduction of almost 100 kWh per person. Similarly, the generation of low-carbon electricity has also dropped significantly, with the latest figures at 108 kWh per person compared to a peak of 194 kWh in 1995. The reduction of 86 kWh per person in low-carbon electricity is a concerning trend, particularly in the global context where the demand for clean electricity is growing. This poses challenges for meeting future energy demands in a sustainable manner.
Suggestions
To enhance low-carbon electricity generation, Papua New Guinea can draw lessons from other countries with successful low-carbon strategies. For example, neighboring Vanuatu has achieved 13% solar electricity penetration, showcasing the potential for small island nations to rely more on solar energy. Likewise, Samoa achieves considerable success in harnessing solar power. Additionally, countries such as Denmark and Uruguay have made great strides utilizing wind energy, indicating that diverse low-carbon strategies can be tailored to the unique geographical and resource contexts of each country. By expanding both solar and potential wind energy projects, Papua New Guinea can diversify its energy mix and reduce its dependence on fossil fuels.
History
Historically, the development of low-carbon electricity in Papua New Guinea has seen fluctuations. During the 1980s and onward, modest increases in hydropower contributed to the clean energy sector, such as in 1983, 1986, and 1989. Despite progress in certain years, reversals have occurred, notably in 1997 and 2017, when hydropower generation declined. The introduction of geothermal energy added some stability in the 2000s, with initiatives in 2003 and subsequent years. Nonetheless, setbacks such as the decline in geothermal energy in 2018 emphasize the importance of consistent investment and development in the clean energy sector. Forging a sustainable path forward will require overcoming these hurdles and committing to enhancing low-carbon electricity options.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.