Electricity in Afghanistan in 2022

In Afghanistan, as of 2022, electricity consumption shows a heavy reliance on imports, with more than half of its electricity, 5.88 TWh, coming from other countries. Low-carbon energy sources like hydropower contribute a small portion, while a significant amount is still derived from fossil fuels. With a global average at approximately 3638 watts per person, Afghanistan's electricity generation is significantly below this benchmark, indicating deeper socioeconomic challenges. Such low levels of electricity consumption can lead to restricted access to modern amenities, impaired economic growth, and reduced quality of life, as reliable electricity is integral to industries, healthcare, and education.

Suggestions

To enhance low-carbon electricity generation, Afghanistan could draw lessons from countries that have succeeded in this area. Focusing on solar energy, Afghanistan could look towards India's approach, which generates 128 TWh from solar, supported by ample sunlight and similar geographical conditions. Developing wind energy could also leverage Afghanistan's natural wind resources, akin to Brazil’s generation of 102 TWh from wind power. Afghanistan can consider investing in nuclear energy, inspired by countries like Pakistan, which produces 22 TWh, demonstrating that even economies transitioning from developing stages can successfully introduce nuclear power as a sustainable energy source.

History

Historically, Afghanistan's low-carbon electricity has been primarily hydropower, showing fluctuations over the years. The late 20th century, from 1991 to 1999, saw minor declines in hydroelectric generation. However, the early 2000s brought a more positive trend, with incremental increases like those in 2001, 2002, and 2003. Unfortunately, from 2010 onwards, the trend of hydropower generation was less stable, with declines occurring again in 2011, 2018, and 2020. Such minimal gains in hydroelectric capacity over the decades suggest a need for Afghanistan to diversify its low-carbon energy portfolio beyond hydropower to ensure resilience and stability in its electricity supply. This could involve integrating more solar, wind, and nuclear options into its energy strategy, ensuring long-term sustainability and independence.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Data Sources