Electricity in Afghanistan in 2023
As of 2023, electricity consumption in Afghanistan remains significantly low when compared to the global average. Afghans consume around 173 kWh per person annually, which is a small fraction of the global average of 3781 kWh per person. This limited electricity consumption is largely supported through net imports amounting to over 6 TWh, rather than robust domestic production. Low-carbon sources contribute a minimal share, with only 20 kWh per person coming from low-carbon electricity. Fossil fuels continue to dominate, contributing to potential climate change and health issues related to air pollution. This scarcity of electrical power can hinder economic growth, limit access to technology, and impair overall quality of life.
Is Electricity Growing in Afghanistan?
Looking at growth trends, electricity consumption in Afghanistan has shown a slight uptick from historical figures, rising by 4 kWh per person since the previous record of 169 kWh per person in 2021. However, this growth is marginal and may not be sufficient to meet future demands or electrification goals. Even more concerning is the decline in low-carbon electricity generation, which has dropped by 46 kWh per person from its peak in 1990. This highlights a need for more proactive strategies to increase Afghanistan's low-carbon energy share, crucial for sustainable and equitable growth.
Suggestions
To bolster low-carbon electricity generation, Afghanistan can take inspiration from several regions with successful clean energy implementations. For instance, China and India have made significant strides in solar energy production, generating 834 TWh and 134 TWh, respectively. To replicate such successes, Afghanistan could harness its abundant sunlight to initiate robust solar projects. The prioritization of nuclear energy is also paramount, following examples from regions like the United States and France, where nuclear electricity generation is significant. By investing in nuclear and solar infrastructure, Afghanistan has the potential to advance its energy landscape towards a more sustainable and independent future.
History
Historically, Afghanistan's low-carbon electricity generation has largely depended on hydropower, which has seen fluctuating changes over the years. Notably, the early 1990s and the time since 2001 witnessed modest increases in hydroelectric generation, though the years in between observed declines of up to 0.2 TWh annually. More recent years, specifically post-2010, show continuing variability without sustained growth. The lack of consistent progress underscores the necessity for more strategic investments and a push towards diversifying low-carbon sources to avoid reliance solely on hydroelectric power. By prioritizing this transition, Afghanistan can ensure energy security and environmental sustainability for future generations.