Japan's electricity consumption from May 2024 to April 2025 predominantly depends on fossil fuel sources, making up over two-thirds of the total. Among these, gas and coal play a significant role, contributing to almost a third and more than a quarter of the electricity generation, respectively. Oil only contributes a very small fraction, close to none. On the cleaner side, more than a third of the electricity originates from low-carbon sources, with solar energy accounting for a tenth and nuclear power making up almost a tenth of the total. Hydropower and biofuels add about an eighth combined. Notably, wind energy still represents a very small share, close to two percent. By prioritizing low-carbon energy, Japan can reduce its dependency on fossil energy sources, which contribute to pollution and climate change.
Is Electricity Growing in Japan?
In terms of overall electricity consumption, Japan is witnessing a downturn compared to its peak years. As of 2025, the total electricity consumption stands at 7772 kWh per person, marking a decline from the record high of 9134 kWh per person in 2010 by over 1300 kWh per person. Low-carbon electricity generation has also decreased from its previous record in 1998, now at 2653 kWh per person compared to the earlier high. This decline by more than 800 kWh per person is significant, especially at a time when many countries are shifting towards sustainable electricity solutions. The downward trend suggests that there is a substantial opportunity for growth in cleaner and more efficient electricity generation to cater to future consumption needs.
Suggestions
To help boost Japan's low-carbon electricity generation, significant investments in solar energy would be valuable, as it already provides a solid base for expansion. Japan can take cues from regions successful with other low-carbon technologies. Countries like France and regions such as Slovakia have achieved impressive results, generating the majority of their electricity from nuclear power. Similarly, various states in the U.S. like Iowa and South Dakota showcase the potential of wind energy as a significant electricity contributor. By learning from these countries and states, Japan can consider enhancing its nuclear capabilities alongside an expansion in wind and solar energy, laying the groundwork for a robust, sustainable future in electricity generation.
History
Historically, Japan's focus on nuclear power contributed significantly to low-carbon electricity until sharp declines impacted its trajectory. The late 1970s and throughout the 1980s saw substantial increases in nuclear electricity generation, with notable growth recorded in 1978 and 1985. However, the early 2000s witnessed a shift as nuclear generation decreased abruptly in 2002 and 2003. A similar trend was visible in the late 2000s, with a substantial drop in 2007, followed by a more pronounced decline in 2011 and 2012. The emphasis on nuclear energy recorded a resurgence around 2018, slightly fluctuating thereafter. Consistently boosting low-carbon electricity, particularly in nuclear and solar, can mitigate these historical fluctuations and aid Japan in achieving sustainable growth in its electricity sector.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.