From August 2024 to July 2025, Japan's electricity consumption shows a predominant reliance on fossil fuels, which accounts for more than half of the country's total electricity use, specifically around 63%. Gas and coal are the significant contributors within this category, representing about 31% and 28% respectively, with oil contributing a much smaller portion, close to 2%. On the other hand, low-carbon energy sources comprise about 35% of Japan's electricity generation. Solar power is leading among these, providing close to 11%, followed by nuclear at almost 10%, and hydropower at roughly 8%. Biofuels add nearly 5%, while wind power contributes a little more than 1%. This energy mix highlights Japan's substantial reliance on fossil fuels, despite a substantial low-carbon energy share, signaling a pressing need to further transition towards cleaner electricity sources.
Is Electricity Growing in Japan?
In the context of growing electricity consumption, the latest data shows a potential concern. As of 2025, Japan's electricity consumption per person sits at 7795 kWh, which reflects a decrease of approximately 1340 kWh from its previous peak in 2010. This decline suggests a stagnation in electricity demand despite the advancements in low-carbon electricity, which stands at 2757 kWh per person. Compared to low-carbon electricity generation's historical peak year in 1998, which was 3543 kWh per person, this marks a decrease of almost 786 kWh. The decrease in both total and low-carbon electricity consumption suggests a need for revitalized growth, especially as cleaner energy integration becomes crucial to combat climate concerns and support modern technological demands.
Suggestions
Japan could significantly enhance its low-carbon electricity generation by expanding its solar energy capabilities, an area where it is already performing relatively well. Lessons can be drawn from countries excelling in specific low-carbon technologies. For instance, Japan can look to France's impressive 69% electricity generation from nuclear energy—highlighting the potential for nuclear expansion. Similarly, the United States, specifically states like Iowa and South Dakota, capitalize on wind power, generating over 60% of their electricity this way. By incorporating more solar energy and possibly increasing nuclear power, Japan could amplify its clean energy footprint. These examples from various regions underscore the importance of strategically developing low-carbon infrastructures to meet future energy needs sustainably.
History
Looking back at the historical shifts in low-carbon electricity generation in Japan, the period between the late 1970s and early 1990s saw significant nuclear growth, with notable increments in 1978, 1984, 1985, 1987, and 1993, contributing substantially to Japan's low-carbon profile. However, the early 2000s marked a series of setbacks, with notable declines in 2002, 2003, and 2007. The 2011 decrease was particularly significant, with a sharp drop of 186.5 TWh. More recently, there have been signs of recovery, with substantial increases in 2018 and subsequent gains in 2021 and 2023. This history underlines the resilience and potential for growth in Japan's low-carbon sector, particularly through an expanded commitment to solar and nuclear power. By maintaining a focus on these energy areas, Japan can better secure a sustainable and efficient energy future.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.