2% of global electricity is generated from Biofuels

Biofuels are a form of energy derived from organic materials, such as plant and animal biomass. This energy source harnesses the natural carbon cycle and can include various forms such as bioethanol made from corn or sugarcane, and biodiesel produced from vegetable oils or animal fats. As a source of electricity, biofuels are considered low-carbon compared to fossil fuels, which contribute more significantly to climate change and environmental degradation due to their high carbon emissions.

Electricity generation using biofuels typically involves the combustion of biomass materials to produce steam, which then drives a turbine connected to a generator. This process transforms the chemical energy stored in the biofuels into mechanical energy, and finally into electrical energy. The capability of biofuels to run in tandem with existing infrastructure initially built for fossil fuels presents a versatile pathway to transition towards more sustainable electricity sources.

The carbon intensity of biofuels is about 230 gCO2eq/kWh, which is considerably lower than coal and natural gas, averaging 820 and 490 gCO2eq/kWh, respectively. This significant reduction in carbon emissions highlights biofuels as a cleaner alternative to traditional fossil fuels, facilitating a move towards global climate goals. While biofuels stand out for this reason, it's important to recognize that they share the spotlight with other low-carbon technologies like wind (11 gCO2eq/kWh), nuclear (12 gCO2eq/kWh), and solar (45 gCO2eq/kWh), all of which are crucial in reducing global carbon footprints.

Globally, biofuels account for almost 2% of all electricity consumed, demonstrating their role as part of a diversified energy mix. In certain regions, biofuels play a more prominent role; in Lithuania, for example, biofuels generate 20% of the electricity, while in Denmark, this figure stands at 13%. Finland, Maine, and Sweden also report significant shares of their electricity—11%, 12%, and 5% respectively—originating from biofuels. These regional examples underscore how biofuels can complement other low-carbon technologies to provide clean electricity.

In conclusion, the adoption of biofuels—alongside wind, nuclear, and solar—creates a cleaner, more sustainable power system. As we aim for an energy future less reliant on fossil fuels, expanding electricity generation through these low-carbon sources is essential. Countries around the world should consider the successful integration seen in the aforementioned examples when looking to meet their own electricity needs in a sustainable manner. Advocacy for the expansion of nuclear and solar power continues to be vital, given their low environmental impact and ability to meet growing electricity demands effectively.