Electricity in United Kingdom in 2023/2024

Between December 2023 and November 2024, the United Kingdom's electricity consumption shows a promising shift towards low-carbon sources, which make up more than half of the total electricity generation. Low-carbon energy comprises around 60% of the electricity mix, with wind energy contributing almost a third, followed by nuclear power at almost 13%, biofuels at approximately 12%, and solar power at 4%. Additionally, hydropower accounts for a minor fraction at just over 2.4%. On the other hand, fossil fuels still account for nearly 29% of total electricity demand, predominantly through gas, which alone provides nearly 27%. Net imports contribute approximately 11% of the total electricity consumption. This energy landscape demonstrates the UK's significant progress in advancing clean energy but highlights the ongoing need to further reduce the dependency on fossil fuels due to their adverse environmental impacts.

Suggestions

To increase the share of low-carbon electricity, the United Kingdom could expand its nuclear and wind energy capacities, further enhancing the existing infrastructures of these clean energy technologies. Lessons from countries like France and Slovakia, where nuclear energy provides an overwhelming majority of their electricity, can be invaluable; France’s nuclear generation stands at an impressive 68%. Similarly, Denmark’s success in wind energy, where it constitutes 59% of its electricity mix, sets a commendable benchmark for the UK. Emulating these successes, the UK can invest in advancing its nuclear and onshore and offshore wind capabilities, potentially pairing these with solar advancements to round off a robust, diverse low-carbon energy portfolio. Such progression aligns with global goals of reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change impact.

History

Historically, the United Kingdom has seen significant developments in low-carbon electricity, particularly with regard to its nuclear and wind power sectors. In the 1980s, nuclear power made substantial gains with annual increases such as 10 TWh in 1984 and over 8 TWh in 1988 and 1989. However, setbacks in the 2000s saw nuclear generation decrease markedly, notably with declines like -10.1 TWh in 2000 and -12.4 TWh in 2007. Despite these setbacks, the nation witnessed a noteworthy nuclear resurgence in 2009 with a 16.6 TWh increase, though declines returned in subsequent years, including a 7 TWh fall in 2023. Meanwhile, wind power has flourished, particularly over the last decade, with significant boosts like a 15.3 TWh increase in 2022. Such historical insights emphasize the need for continued investment in advanced nuclear technology alongside the consistent expansion of wind farms to secure a sustainable and low-carbon future.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Data Sources