In 2024, Russia's electricity consumption predominantly leans on fossil energy, with more than half of the electricity generated—around 64%—coming from fossil sources. Gas is the leading fossil source at approximately 44%, while coal contributes nearly 19%. On the cleaner side of the spectrum, low-carbon or clean energy contributes to almost 36% of the electricity consumption in the country. Within the low-carbon segment, nuclear energy is a major player, providing nearly 18%, closely followed by hydropower, which supplies 17%. The balance between fossil and low-carbon energy is pivotal as Russia navigates the growing need for cleaner energy solutions.
Is Electricity Growing in Russia?
Examining the trend of electricity consumption, it appears to be on an upward trajectory in Russia. The recent data shows electricity consumption at 8351 kWh per person, marking an increase against the previous record of 8101 kWh per person in 2023. This growth translates to an increase of 249 kWh per person, indicating a positive development in overall electricity consumption. However, on the low-carbon front, there is a slight decline with current generation standing at 3001 kWh per person, which is 34 kWh less than the peak recorded in 2021. While the overall consumption growth is promising, the marginal dip in low-carbon electricity generation is a call to action to bolster clean energy efforts.
Suggestions
To amplify low-carbon electricity generation in Russia, expanding nuclear energy infrastructure can be an effective strategy, given its significant existing contribution and efficiency. Looking globally, Russia can draw insights from countries thriving in low-carbon generation. For instance, France and Slovakia demonstrate remarkable outputs with nuclear contributing 69% and 64%, respectively, to their electricity mixes. Additionally, the significant contributions of wind energy in regions like Denmark (57%) and Iowa (62%) along with solar developments in countries like Greece (25%) highlight the potential for Russia to diversify its low-carbon energy portfolio beyond nuclear. Incorporating solar and wind could complement the existing nuclear infrastructure to accelerate the transition towards green and sustainable electricity.
History
Russia's journey with low-carbon electricity comprises notable fluctuations over the decades. In the late 1980s, nuclear energy experienced significant growth, specifically, an increase of 19.5 TWh in 1987 and 10.1 TWh in 1988. However, the early 1990s witnessed a setback with a considerable decline of 18 TWh in 1990 and 21.4 TWh in 1994. Despite these challenges, nuclear saw a resurgence, with notable increases in the late 1990s and early 2000s, such as the 16.6 TWh growth in 1999. The hydro sector also had its dynamic periods with highs and lows, including significant growth in 2004 and 2013 and declines in 2002 and 2022. The overall history indicates a mixed track, with moments of substantial growth alongside periods of decline, underscoring the need for a consistent and robust approach towards low-carbon electricity expansion.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.