In 2024, electricity consumption in the United States reflects a notable reliance on both clean and fossil energy sources, with fossil-derived electricity making up a little more than half of the total consumption. Specifically, natural gas emerges as the dominant fossil source, contributing over 40% of the total electricity generation. Coal, although less prominent, still accounts for almost 15%. Meanwhile, low-carbon energy is responsible for nearly 42% of electricity generation. Nuclear power, a significant low-carbon player, contributes almost 18%, while wind and solar expand their influence with contributions of around 10% and 7%, respectively. Hydropower adds a respectable share of around 5%, leaving biofuels with a minimal footprint.
Is Electricity Growing in United States?
Despite the growing need for electricity in the United States, particularly given the burgeoning demand from sectors like transportation and AI, overall electricity consumption has seen a decline from its previous peak. In 2024, the average electricity consumption per person stands at approximately 12,774 kWh, which is considerably lower than the all-time high of 14,606 kWh in 2005, marking a decline of over 1,800 kWh per person. However, this decline in total consumption coincides with progress in low-carbon electricity generation. The recent record shows an increase in per capita low-carbon electricity generation, climbing from 5,065 kWh to 5,339 kWh, representing an encouraging upward trend of 274 kWh over just one year.
Suggestions
To further bolster the share of low-carbon electricity, the United States could focus on expanding its nuclear and wind capacities due to their existing substantial contributions. Drawing inspiration from regional leaders could be invaluable. For instance, Iowa and South Dakota harness wind for over 60% of their electricity, presenting a compelling case for enhancing wind infrastructure. Moreover, countries like France and Slovakia exemplify how increasing nuclear energy's share—reaching upwards of 60%—can substantially drive down carbon emissions. The U.S. can also take cues from places like Nevada and Lebanon, which have effectively integrated large proportions of solar energy into their electricity portfolios. By learning from these regions, the U.S. can strategically invest in and develop its clean energy infrastructure to ensure a sustainable future.
History
Historically, the United States has experienced significant fluctuations in its low-carbon electricity generation. In the mid-1970s and 1980s, nuclear energy had seen notable increases, with substantial rises in the late 1970s and mid-1980s. However, there was a significant setback in 1997, as nuclear generation notably declined. The early 2000s further demonstrated fluctuations in hydropower production, with sharp rises and falls, showcasing the challenges in stable low-carbon electricity generation. Yet, a positive outlook emerged in the 2020s, with recent years, such as 2022 and 2024, witnessing significant growth in wind and solar energy generation, respectively. These developments highlight a promising avenue for continuous expansion and embedding of low-carbon technologies into the U.S. electricity grid. The journey of embracing more sustainable energy sources continues with growing encouragement and support for nuclear and solar energy expansion.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.