Electricity in France in 2024

France stands out as a leader in clean electricity generation, with over 96% of its electricity derived from low-carbon sources. This impressive achievement is primarily due to its robust nuclear energy sector, which contributes approximately 68%, making it the cornerstone of France’s low-carbon strategy. Hydropower, wind, and solar together comprise around 27%, highlighting France's diverse, sustainable energy mix. Fossil energy sources, primarily gas, account for a minimal 3.63% of electricity production, reinforcing France’s low reliance on such polluting fuels. Beyond its borders, France is a significant net exporter of clean electricity, enabling neighboring countries to lower their own emissions. However, with the increasing demand for electrification in transport, heating, and industry, France must further expand its clean electricity generation.

Suggestions

To meet the growing demand and enhance its clean energy production further, France could focus on the expansion of its nuclear energy capacity. As the most significant contributor to the country's low-carbon electricity, increasing nuclear capacity would provide the reliable, large-scale electricity needed to support the transition of other sectors. Additionally, continued investment in wind and solar energy would complement nuclear expansion, providing a balanced and sustainable mix that ensures energy security and supports environmental goals. Together, these measures will enable France to maintain its leadership in clean electricity generation while facilitating a broader transition to a low-carbon economy.

History

France's journey in developing its low-carbon electricity infrastructure has been dynamic and progressive. In the early 1980s, the country saw substantial increases in nuclear electricity generation, with yearly additions such as 44.1 TWh in 1981 indicating rapid nuclear growth. This upward trend continued through the next decade, with the largest gains in the mid-1980s. However, there were occasional challenges: significant declines occurred in 2009, 2016, and a more pronounced drop of 84.6 TWh in 2022. Despite these setbacks, 2023 and 2024 have witnessed growth, with subsequent increases signaling a rebound and continued commitment to nuclear investment. In 2024, hydroelectricity also saw a notable increase of 23.1 TWh, contributing to the diversification of France’s low-carbon energy portfolio. These efforts underscore France’s consistent dedication to clean energy advancement over the decades.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Maximum Imports

Data Sources