France currently stands out as a global leader in clean electricity generation, with low-carbon sources contributing to an impressive 94.85% of its electricity supply in 2025. Nuclear power is the cornerstone of France's low-carbon success, providing more than two-thirds of its electricity. Hydropower, wind, and solar energy further bolster the nation’s green credentials, generating almost one-third of its electricity collectively. Fossil fuels account for a modest 5.15%, demonstrating France's commitment to reducing emissions. In addition to meeting domestic low-carbon electricity demands, France is a significant net exporter of electricity, aiding neighboring regions in their decarbonization efforts. However, to support future electrification in various sectors—such as transport, heating, and industry—there will be a pressing need for increased electricity production.
Data sources used on this page include ENTSOE, Eurostat, IEA and World Bank. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in France?
Despite its laudable achievements in low-carbon electricity, France faces a troubling trend: a decline in overall electricity consumption. The recent per capita electricity use in 2025 is 8,273 kWh, a decrease from the 9,384 kWh recorded in 2004. Similarly, the generation of low-carbon electricity has also fallen by 585 kWh per person since its peak in 2004. This stagnation, particularly in clean electricity, is concerning given the anticipated rise in electricity demand to support technological and environmental advancements, including the adoption of AI technologies. Immediate attention is needed to reverse this trend to ensure sustainable growth in electricity consumption.
Suggestions
To address the shortfall and future-proof the electricity supply, France should focus on expanding its existing nuclear capacity. Given nuclear power's substantial contribution to the country's low-carbon portfolio, scaling up this dependable and efficient energy source is essential. Expanding solar energy can further diversify and actively contribute to the clean energy mix. By taking these strategic steps, France can secure its energy future, support economic growth, and meet its electrification goals, ultimately reducing reliance on fossil fuels and continuing its role as a leader in sustainable energy solutions.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity in France is characterized by remarkable advances, particularly in nuclear energy. The early 1980s marked a period of rapid growth, with annual increases routinely exceeding 30 TWh. The steady rise continued into the late 1980s and 1990s, with notable gains amplifying the low-carbon footprint. However, the beginning of the 21st century saw periods of setbacks, notably in 2009, 2016, and 2022, with significant declines in nuclear electricity generation. Despite these challenges, recent years have witnessed a resurgence, notably in 2023 and 2024, with significant increases that suggest an opportunity for renewed focus on expanding clean energy sources. By maximizing these historical lessons, France can continue to innovate in clean electricity generation, minimizing setbacks and enhancing its energy security.
