Electricity in Brazil in 2023

In 2023, Brazil's electricity consumption showcases a strong inclination towards low-carbon or clean energy sources. More than half of its electricity, approximately 432 TWh, is generated through hydropower, making it the cornerstone of Brazil's clean energy portfolio. Wind and solar contribute almost 96 TWh and 52 TWh respectively, while biofuels add another 54 TWh and nuclear energy contributes around 15 TWh. Thus, the vast majority of Brazil's electricity generation, close to 700 TWh, comes from low-carbon sources. In stark contrast, fossil energy, including gas, coal, and oil, generates around 66 TWh. Despite these considerable achievements, Brazil's per capita electricity consumption stands significantly lower than the global average of 432 watts per person, indicating potential negative impacts such as limited industrial growth and reduced quality of life compared to more energy-abundant nations.

Suggestions

To increase its low-carbon electricity generation, Brazil could expand its wind energy capabilities. The country's current production from wind power is significant but there's potential for exponential growth. Looking towards international examples, China's wind power generation stands at a massive 886 TWh, demonstrating what is achievable with focused efforts and investments. The United States, producing 425 TWh from wind, also provides a successful model. Besides wind, Brazil can enhance its solar capacity, learning from China's 584 TWh and the United States' 238 TWh generated from solar energy. Adopting nuclear energy further remains a crucial step; countries like the United States, France, and China are leading the way with their large-scale nuclear power generation, ranging from 336 TWh in France to an impressive 775 TWh in the U.S., showcasing clean, reliable, and substantial electricity generation. By integrating these strategies, Brazil can significantly bolster its clean electricity output and lay a stronger foundation for sustainable growth.

History

The historical trajectory of low-carbon electricity in Brazil reveals both growth and challenges, particularly in hydropower. Starting from 1979, Brazil saw consistent increments in hydropower generation with substantial increases in the mid-1980s. However, the early 2000s marked a more volatile period, with significant negative shifts like the 36.5 TWh decline in 2001, only to recover in the following years. Mid to late-2010s experienced additional hiccups, including notable declines in 2013 and 2015 but were punctuated by substantial rebounds such as 21.2 TWh in 2016 and a massive 64.3 TWh surge in 2022. Wind energy made a notable stride in 2021, contributing an additional 15.2 TWh, and it further increased by 14.1 TWh in 2023. Solar power also began making a notable impact with an added 21.6 TWh in 2023. Reflecting on these trends, it's evident that while Brazil has navigated through fluctuations, it continues to make significant strides in enhancing its low-carbon electricity generation.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Data Sources