Brazil is making remarkable strides in its shift towards low-carbon electricity generation, with more than 88% of its electricity now derived from clean sources. This achievement marks Brazil as one of the global leaders in sustainable energy production. More than half of the country's electricity comes from hydropower, complemented by significant contributions from wind and solar energy, which collectively make up nearly a third of its electricity supply. Fossil fuel generation, on the other hand, accounts for a bit over 11% of the total, with gas making up most of this share, followed by coal and a very small contribution from biofuels. Nuclear power is a minor yet crucial part of the mix, contributing just under 2%. Looking forward, Brazil faces the challenge of electrifying key sectors such as transport, heating, and industry to further leverage its clean electricity capabilities and reduce fossil fuel reliance across its economy.
Data sources used on this page include EIA, Ember, IEA and World Bank. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Brazil?
Recent data reveals a concerning downward trend in Brazil's per-capita electricity consumption. In 2025, it was recorded at 3,423 kWh per person, a decrease from the previous year's record of 3,590 kWh. This decline reflects an urgent need to address potential gaps in electricity demand and supply, particularly as it relates to the growing need for clean energy. The same concerning pattern is seen in low-carbon generation, which decreased to 3,033 kWh per person from its 2024 peak of 3,116 kWh. These declines are troubling as they indicate a potential slowdown in Brazil's energy transition, at a time when increased low-carbon electricity generation is critical for both environmental sustainability and economic growth.
Suggestions
To reverse this trend and ensure a greener future, Brazil should focus on expanding its wind and solar power capabilities, as these sources already significantly contribute to the electricity grid. Encouragingly, both wind and solar energy are well-suited to Brazil's natural conditions, offering substantial room for growth. These investments, along with consideration for expanding nuclear power, will be key to meeting the country's electricity needs in an increasingly electrified world and to counter declining fossil fuel dependence. Emphasizing these clean, sustainable energy technologies will not only enhance energy security but also support global efforts against climate change and air pollution.
History
In reflecting on its history of low-carbon electricity, Brazil has experienced several defining moments. During the 1980s and early 2000s, significant developments in hydropower expansion highlighted its dominant role, with years like 1984, 2003, 2005, and 2009 marked by robust hydropower growth. However, periodic declines, notably in 2001 and 2013, pointed to vulnerabilities in relying too heavily on hydropower. A notable rebound in 2022 with a substantial increase, were encouraging yet temporary. In the last decade, Brazil has made substantial strides in diversifying its low-carbon energy portfolio, notably with key advances in wind and solar. 2021 saw notable strides in wind energy, while 2023 and 2024 marked significant progress in solar generation. While these developments are promising, the strategic expansion and integration of diverse low-carbon technologies, including nuclear, will be essential in tackling future challenges and sustaining energy growth.
