Over the last 12 months, from June 2025 to May 2026, South Korea's electricity consumption has predominantly relied on fossil fuels, constituting about 62% of the total. Coal and gas are the main contributors within this group, with coal accounting for slightly more than a third and gas just over a quarter of the total electricity mix. Low-carbon energy sources make up around 36% of the electricity consumption, with nuclear power being the dominant source at over 25%. Solar power accounts for a modest 7%, while biofuels and hydropower contribute barely 3% combined. The emphasis on fossil fuels poses significant challenges in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change.

Is Electricity Growing in South Korea?

Electricity consumption in South Korea appears to be experiencing a modest growth. The latest data for 2026 shows a total electricity consumption of 12,214 kWh per person, an increase of 31 kWh per person from the previous record in 2025. However, there is a noticeable decline in low-carbon electricity generation, which has decreased by 272 kWh per person compared to the 2025 record. This situation is worrying as it indicates a backward step in the essential transition towards sustainable energy sources. Growing electricity demand is expected as the economy becomes more electrified, and lagging low-carbon development could imperil climate goals.

Suggestions

To elevate low-carbon electricity generation, South Korea could expand its existing nuclear capabilities since these have proven to be effective in generating large amounts of electricity sustainably. South Korea can also learn from successful regions in harnessing wind and solar energy. For instance, France and Slovakia generate more than two-thirds of their electricity from nuclear, showcasing a strong commitment to low-carbon energy sources. Nevada and California in the U.S. have made significant strides with solar energy accounting for approximately a third of their electricity generation. By looking to such regions for inspiration and guidance, South Korea can further develop its nuclear and solar sectors, thereby enhancing its clean energy profile.

History

The historical trajectory of nuclear electricity in South Korea has been one of expansions and some notable setbacks. Starting from the mid-1980s to the late 1990s, nuclear power saw substantial increases yearly, with remarkable increments in 1986 and 1998. The early 2000s continued this trend of growth, but there were substantial declines in 2013, 2017, 2018, and 2026. These declines in nuclear electricity generation are disappointing, highlighting missed opportunities in harnessing a reliable and low-carbon energy source. Despite these setbacks, there were some recovery years like 2014 and 2022 that showcased significant compensations in growth, pointing to the enduring potential of nuclear energy to fulfill South Korea’s electricity needs sustainably. By stabilizing and expanding its nuclear capacities alongside solar investments, South Korea can lead the charge in transitioning towards a more sustainable and resilient energy future.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

* 12M = Last 12 months (Jun 2025 – May 2026) — a rolling 12-month period, not a calendar year.