Sweden boasts an impressive achievement where close to 99% of its electricity comes from low-carbon sources. Hydropower and nuclear energy make up the largest shares, contributing more than a third and almost a third, respectively. Wind energy complements this with nearly a quarter, while biofuels and solar energy provide small but valuable contributions. On the other hand, fossil fuels account for just over 1% of electricity generation, indicating a very minimal reliance on high-emission energy sources. What's also remarkable is Sweden's role as a significant net exporter of electricity, assisting neighboring countries in lowering their emissions. Looking ahead, Sweden faces the task of electrifying other sectors such as transport, heating, and industry, which will necessitate an increase in electricity supply.
Is Electricity Growing in Sweden?
When considering whether electricity usage is growing in Sweden, it's evident that consumption has seen a dip compared to past records. The latest figures show electricity consumption at approximately 16,376 kWh per person, which is a reduction from the year 2001 when it was almost 18,167 kWh per person. It's a disheartening development that also mirrors the trend in low-carbon generation, which has decreased by around 1,309 kWh per person during the same period. This stagnation represents a missed opportunity, as more electricity would support Sweden's transition to a fully electrified economy, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and further decreasing emissions.
Suggestions
Sweden has the potential to scale up its low-carbon electricity generation by expanding both its nuclear and wind energy capacities. Increasing nuclear power is particularly vital since it already constitutes a significant share of Sweden’s electricity mix and provides a stable and reliable energy source. Alongside nuclear expansion, enhancing wind power generation can capitalize on its current contribution and bolster Sweden's clean energy portfolio. By focusing on these technologies, Sweden can secure a robust supply of green and sustainable electricity to meet future demands and continue its leadership in low-carbon energy use.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity in Sweden illustrates both extraordinary growth and unfortunate setbacks, particularly in nuclear power. In the early 1980s, and notably in 1981 and 1986, substantial increases in nuclear electricity production were recorded. However, the 1990s saw a shift with declines in nuclear energy, notably in 1992, followed by recoveries in specific years such as 1994 and 2001. Unfortunately, significant setbacks occurred later, notably with a marked decrease in nuclear output in 2000 and subsequent declines in 2009 and 2020. Meanwhile, hydropower, another contributor to Sweden’s low-carbon mix, experienced fluctuations over the decades, balancing periods of reduction with occasional sharp increases. These historical patterns demonstrate the need for stable and continuous investment in these vital energy sources to ensure consistent and sustainable growth in low-carbon electricity generation.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.