Electricity in Madagascar in 2021

As of 2021, Madagascar's electricity consumption is almost exclusively sourced from fossil fuels, with 1.37 TWh being generated in that year. This represents a significant reliance on fossil energy which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and negative environmental impacts. The country's per capita electricity consumption is far below the global average of 410 watts/person, implying that accessibility to electricity is likely a challenge for many residents. This low level of electricity generation could be inhibiting economic development and negatively impacting quality of life, as electricity is crucial for many aspects of modern living, from powering homes and businesses to supporting infrastructure and services.

Suggestions

To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Madagascar could look towards other nations that have successfully incorporated low-carbon sources into their energy mix. Notably, wind and solar stand out as viable options. For example, the People's Republic of China and the United States have massive wind energy sectors generating 964 TWh and 425 TWh, respectively. Similarly, these countries have made significant strides in solar power, generating 523 TWh and 215 TWh, respectively. France and Canada, with their extensive use of nuclear energy, also provide interesting case studies. While the implementation of these energy sources would undoubtedly need to be adapted to Madagascar's unique geographic and economic realities, such examples showcase the potential of sustainable, clean electricity generation.

History

Madagascar's history with low-carbon electricity predominantly involves the use of hydroelectric power, with a smattering of growth and regression seen over several decades. In the early 1980s, there was a modest increase in hydroelectric power generation, with a similar trend continuing in the mid to late 90s. However, the early 2000s saw a stagnation and slight decrease in hydroelectric power generation, possibly due to water scarcity or other infrastructural challenges. A positive shift was observed in 2018, but this was then followed by a decline in 2019 and 2020. Despite hydro power being a low-carbon power source, its inconsistent performance shows the necessity for Madagascar to diversify its low-carbon electricity portfolio.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Data Sources