As of 2023, Angola's electricity consumption is predominantly sourced from low-carbon energy, with more than three-quarters of its electricity deriving from clean sources. Hydropower stands out significantly, providing approximately 74% of the country’s electricity, while other low-carbon sources like solar account for just over 2%, a figure that still offers room for expansion. On the other hand, the reliance on fossil fuels is relatively low, with gas contributing about 9% of the electricity mix, underscoring a commendable commitment to green energy. This low dependence on fossil fuels is critical in reducing harmful emissions and combating climate change.
Is Electricity Growing in Angola?
In recent years, particularly from 2020 to 2023, electricity consumption in Angola has seen a slight decline, from 503 kWh per person to 488 kWh per person, marking a decrease of 14 kWh per person. This reduction in overall electricity use is paralleled by a modest decline in low-carbon electricity consumption, which dropped by 7 kWh per person, from 380 kWh in 2020 to 373 kWh in 2023. Such a decrease in electricity usage and generation is concerning, as it suggests a stagnation that might hinder economic growth and efforts toward decarbonization. Therefore, it's crucial for Angola to not only stabilize but also enhance its electricity consumption to support development and sustainability.
Suggestions
To enhance its low-carbon electricity generation, Angola can learn from various regions that have successfully expanded their clean energy sectors. For instance, France boasts a substantial 68% of electricity from nuclear sources, demonstrating the potential of nuclear energy as a stable and significant contributor to a low-carbon grid. Similarly, Iowa and Denmark have harnessed wind power effectively, generating 63% and 52% of their electricity from this source, respectively. Expansion in solar, inspired by countries like Lebanon and California, which generate over 19% of their electricity from solar power, should be a strategic focus for Angola given its favorable solar conditions. By focusing on both nuclear and solar energy, Angola can create a robust and sustainable electricity framework.
History
Historically, Angola's low-carbon electricity generation, particularly through hydropower, has seen gradual growth with fluctuations. In the early 2000s, small increments were reported, but significant strides were made in the past decade, notably in 2012 with a 1.5 TWh increase and in 2018 with a 2.7 TWh boost, marking a significant phase of development. While 2013 saw a minimal decline, the subsequent years have generally been marked by positive growth, with 2023 adding another 0.6 TWh from hydropower. More recently, the introduction of solar energy in 2022 has begun contributing to low-carbon growth as well. Continuing this trajectory, Angola can further amplify its clean energy generation, creating a greener and more resilient electric grid for the future.