In Angola, the current state of electricity consumption is heavily dominated by low-carbon sources, which compose more than three-quarters of the total electricity consumption. A significant portion of this comes from hydropower, representing almost three-quarters of total electricity use. Fossil fuels, on the other hand, account for nearly a quarter of the electricity consumed, with gas making up close to a tenth. Solar energy remains a minor contributor, at slightly more than 2%. Angola's reliance on hydropower is substantial, showcasing its commitment to low-carbon energy, but there remains significant potential to further diversify and grow its clean energy portfolio.
Is Electricity Growing in Angola?
Regarding the growth of electricity consumption in Angola, there is a concern as recent figures suggest a decline. The per capita electricity consumption in 2023 was 488 kWh, a decrease from the previous record of 503 kWh per person in 2020. Similarly, low-carbon electricity generation also saw a decline, from a previous high of 380 kWh per person in 2020 to 373 kWh per person in 2023. This stagnation is troubling at a time when global demand for clean electricity is essential to meet future energy needs driven by electrification and the growth of digital technologies like AI.
Suggestions
To enhance its low-carbon electricity generation, Angola can look to the success of other countries that have effectively increased their share of clean energy. For instance, Lebanon has made significant strides with solar energy, generating 31% of its electricity from solar sources. Uruguay and Denmark have achieved notable success in utilizing wind power, with shares of 28% and 52%, respectively. These examples illustrate the potential for Angola to expand its solar and wind energy capabilities, leveraging its geographical advantages. By investing in solar infrastructure, Angola can significantly boost its clean energy portfolio, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and contribute to global climate goals.
History
Historically, Angola has seen a mostly positive trend in low-carbon electricity generation, primarily through hydropower. From the early 2000s, Angola achieved moderate increases in hydroelectric generation, with notable growth in the late 2000s through the 2010s. The year 2012 marked a significant increase of 1.5 TWh, and this upward trajectory continued with substantial contributions in 2016, rising by 1.1 TWh, and in 2018, with an impressive increment of 2.7 TWh. More recently, in 2022, solar energy began to make a noticeable entry with a modest increase of 0.4 TWh, followed by a further hydroelectric increase of 0.6 TWh in 2023. These developments highlight Angola's ability to harness its natural resources to sustain and grow its green energy production. By maintaining the focus on expanding solar and hydropower, Angola can further solidify its low-carbon electricity future.