In 2024, Egypt's electricity generation is heavily dominated by fossil fuels, which account for about 88% of the total, with the majority coming from gas, contributing around 81%. Oil follows, providing approximately 7% of the electricity. On the other side, low-carbon energy sources, which include hydropower, wind, and solar, collectively make up about 12% of the country's electricity generation. Hydropower is the leading low-carbon source, supplying nearly 7%, while wind and solar contribute almost 3% and 2.5% respectively. This distribution highlights the reliance on fossil fuels for electricity generation, though there is a growing portion of clean energy that could be further expanded to enhance sustainability in the face of climate change and fossil fuel pollution.

Data sources used on this page include EIA, Ember and IEA. More about data sources →

Is Electricity Growing in Egypt?

Electricity consumption in Egypt is on an upward trajectory. In 2024, the per capita consumption reached 2036 kWh, surpassing the previous 2023 record of 1934 kWh by 102 kWh per person. This increase indicates a growing demand for electricity, which is a positive sign of development and modernization. Specifically, the contribution of low-carbon electricity has also risen, as seen in the jump to 244 kWh per person in 2024 from the previous record of 232 kWh in 2022. This growth underscores progress in diversifying energy sources toward cleaner options, although there is still significant room for acceleration to meet Egypt’s future electricity needs in a sustainable manner.

Suggestions

To further increase low-carbon electricity generation, Egypt can draw inspiration from global examples. For instance, countries like France and Slovakia have made nuclear energy a cornerstone of their low-carbon strategy, achieving nearly 70% of their electricity from nuclear sources. Meanwhile, regions like Denmark and states such as Iowa exemplify the potential of wind energy. Denmark generates close to half of its electricity from wind, while Iowa reaches an impressive 60%. Solar energy also shows great potential; regions like Lebanon and Nevada generate around 30% from solar. By focusing on expanding solar and possibly creating a robust nuclear energy framework, Egypt can not only reduce its reliance on fossil fuels but also ensure a cleaner, more sustainable energy future.

History

Historically, Egypt's low-carbon electricity generation has seen varied progress. Starting in the late 1980s, hydropower production faced some fluctuations; significant declines were seen in 1985 and 2002, indicating a setback. However, notable increases occurred in the early 1990s and particularly in 2007, signaling growth stages. Entering the late 2010s, Egypt made strides with solar and wind expansions, marked by substantial increases in 2019 and onwards. The 2020s show encouraging developments as well, seen in wind energy's significant growth in 2021 and 2024, alongside modest hydro increases, all contributing to Egypt's gradual shift toward a cleaner electricity mix. Cyclone this momentum by emphasizing nuclear and solar energy, Egypt could significantly enhance its low-carbon electricity profile, further aligning with global sustainability trends.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade