Electricity in Thailand in 2023/2024

In Thailand, the current state of electricity consumption shows a strong dependency on fossil fuels, with more than two-thirds, specifically around 73%, of electricity coming from these sources. Gas is the predominant fossil energy source, contributing almost 60% of the total electricity, while coal and net imports make up almost 14% each. In contrast, low-carbon energy sources make up a smaller fraction of the electricity mix at about 13%. Among these, biofuels have the highest share, at nearly 6%, while hydropower, solar, and wind contribute 2.6%, 2.6%, and 1.6% respectively. The data from October 2023 to September 2024 suggests that there is significant potential for Thailand to expand its low-carbon sector to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels, benefiting the environment and fighting climate change.

Suggestions

To enhance its low-carbon electricity generation, Thailand can draw lessons from several countries that have successfully expanded their clean energy sectors. For instance, Denmark has efficiently harnessed wind energy, which supplies a substantial 59% of its electricity. This highlights the potential for wind energy development in Thailand. Other countries such as France and Slovakia have focused significantly on nuclear energy, with nuclear providing 68% and 60% of their electricity, respectively. These examples underscore the benefits of diversifying energy sources and investing in nuclear and wind infrastructures. Thailand, with its geographic advantage, could similarly leverage wind and solar technologies, particularly taking inspiration from regions with comparable climate conditions. By adopting a strategic mix of nuclear and renewable technologies, Thailand can significantly reduce its carbon footprint and foster a sustainable energy future.

History

The history of low-carbon electricity generation in Thailand has seen various fluctuations over the decades. Beginning in the 1980s, hydropower experienced moderate growth, with increases in generation of around 1.6 to 2.3 TWh during key years such as 1981, 1986, and 1989. However, hydropower encountered periods of decline, particularly in the late 1990s and early 2010s, reflecting environmental variability and operational challenges. Despite these declines, biofuels saw sprouting contributions in the 2010s, most notably in 2016 with a substantial jump of nearly 11 TWh, although this was followed by subsequent decreases in 2017 and 2019. Recently, wind energy marked a promising entry in 2019 with a 2 TWh increase. Looking at the historical trends, it's crucial for Thailand to stabilize and expand its low-carbon electricity sources by addressing the historical challenges in hydro and optimizing newer sources like wind.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Data Sources