Electricity in Zimbabwe in 2022

As of 2022, the state of electricity consumption in Zimbabwe shows a significant reliance on low-carbon energy, which amounts to more than half of the total electricity generated in the country. Notably, hydropower almost entirely accounts for this low-carbon contribution, totaling 55%. On the other hand, fossil energy, primarily coal, still plays a substantial role, constituting almost a third of the electricity supply with 27%. Additionally, Zimbabwe relies on net imports for about 16% of its electricity, indicating some degree of dependency on external energy sources. This energy mix highlights the country's progress in adopting clean energy solutions, particularly through its utilization of hydropower, while also underscoring the ongoing need to reduce dependence on coal and imported electricity.

Suggestions

To further increase its low-carbon electricity generation, Zimbabwe can look at successful strategies employed by other countries. For instance, Denmark's achievement with wind power, contributing to 59% of its electricity, illustrates the viability of harnessing wind energy effectively, which Zimbabwe could consider given its climatic conditions. Similarly, Greece has shown that solar power can form a significant share of its electricity mix, close to a quarter, which could be another viable path for Zimbabwe considering its sunny climate. Moreover, Zimbabwe could learn from small countries like Uruguay, which utilizes wind energy for 36% of its electricity, demonstrating that even countries with smaller economies can make significant strides in adopting low-carbon technologies. These examples highlight potential strategies for Zimbabwe to diversify and expand its clean energy sources, reducing reliance on environmentally detrimental fossil fuels.

History

Zimbabwe's history of low-carbon electricity generation is characterized by fluctuations, particularly in hydroelectric power. In the 1980s, the country experienced some declines, such as a decrease of 0.5 TWh in 1982 and 0.6 TWh in 1987. However, the late 1980s and early 1990s saw a rebound, with notable increases in 1989 and 1990 totaling 1.7 TWh. The following years exhibited a seesaw pattern, with fluctuations continuing into the 2000s and 2010s. Prominent increases occurred in 1999, 2002, and 2003, with the gains in 2003 reaching 1.5 TWh. More recently, in 2021, there was a substantial increase of 2.1 TWh, indicating a positive trend toward enhancing hydroelectric output. Overall, while the historical trajectory reveals periods of decline, the recent upsurge demonstrates Zimbabwe's potential to bolster its low-carbon electricity generation, particularly via hydropower.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Data Sources