As of 2023, electricity consumption in Burundi remains exceptionally low compared to global standards. With a per capita consumption of 36 kWh, Burundi's electricity usage is merely a fraction of the global average of 3794 kWh per person. This highlights the challenges in meeting domestic power needs, as virtually none of the population's demands are adequately met with such low levels of electricity. More than half of Burundi's electricity generation stems from low-carbon sources, which is beneficial for climate mitigation efforts. Nonetheless, the limited generation capacity constrains economic development, impacts public health, and hampers educational opportunities, as access to reliable power is crucial for evening activities, refrigeration, and powering essential services.

Is Electricity Growing in Burundi?

Examining recent trends, electricity consumption in Burundi has seen a slight decline. In 2023, total electricity consumption decreased to 36 kWh per person from a prior peak of 40 kWh in 2019, representing a reduction of around 4 kWh per person. Similarly, low-carbon electricity generation has slightly dropped, from a record 22 kWh per person in 2020 to 20 kWh in 2023, a decrease of 2 kWh per person. These declines are a cause for concern as they suggest that Burundi is not currently on an upward trajectory in terms of expanding its electricity supply, especially in clean energy forms, which are vital to sustainable development and meeting future demand.

Suggestions

To address this situation and expand its low-carbon electricity generation, Burundi can draw lessons from other regions that have successfully tapped into solar and nuclear energy. Countries like India have capitalized on solar power extensively, with India generating 192 TWh of electricity from solar, indicating the potential of solar energy in regions with abundant sunlight. Meanwhile, the success of nuclear energy in countries such as France, with its 379 TWh of nuclear-generated electricity, demonstrates the viability and stability of nuclear power as a clean energy source. By investing in solar infrastructure and exploring the development of nuclear facilities, Burundi could significantly boost its clean electricity capacity and pave the way for more sustainable growth.

History

Historically, Burundi’s low-carbon electricity generation primarily relied on hydroelectric power, remaining unchanged over several decades with zero growth from 1991 through 2021. This stagnation signals a lack of diversification in Burundi's energy portfolio. The introduction of solar power in 2016 was a step in the right direction towards diversifying clean energy sources, yet considerable progress is necessary to harness the full potential of low-carbon energy. By enhancing its solar and, potentially, nuclear capabilities, Burundi can overcome the prolonged inertia in its electricity generation landscape and make significant strides towards energy sustainability.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade