In 2023, electricity consumption in Burundi is remarkably low, standing at just 36 kWh per person. Low-carbon sources, mainly hydroelectric power and a negligible contribution from solar, account for more than half of this electricity generation, producing about 20 kWh per person. The remainder comes from fossil fuels. Compared to the global average of 3813 kWh per person, Burundi's electricity consumption is strikingly minimal, suggesting significant potential for development. Low electricity generation affects the nation's economic growth and quality of life, restricting access to essential services such as health care and education, and stifling opportunities for industrialization and modernization.
Is Electricity Growing in Burundi?
Examining trends in electricity consumption in Burundi, it is apparent that there has been a decline. The recent consumption figure of 36 kWh per person marks a decrease from the historic record in 2019, which was 40 kWh per person. This decline extends to low-carbon electricity generation, which currently stands at 20 kWh per person, down from the record 22 kWh per person in 2020. Such decreases are concerning as they suggest a stagnation or even regression in the country's energy progress. To keep pace with developmental needs and technological advancements, reversing this trend should be a priority.
Suggestions
To boost its low-carbon electricity generation, Burundi could take inspiration from countries that have effectively scaled up their clean energy infrastructure. Solar power, which has seen substantial growth in countries such as India (134 TWh) and Japan (102 TWh), provides a viable pathway for Burundi, given its abundant sunlight. Furthermore, wind energy, successfully implemented in Brazil and South Africa, could similarly be harnessed in Burundi. While Burundi's context differs, the country's potential for solar power makes it an excellent candidate for a targeted expansion in this sector. The global trend of investing in solar and nuclear energy as seen in China and the United States highlights the essential role these energy sources can play in building a sustainable future.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity in Burundi, primarily driven by hydroelectric power, has seen little change for decades, with a consistent record of near-zero additional generation from 1991 through 2021. This stagnation starkly contrasts with dynamic progress observed elsewhere around the globe. Despite the potential for growth, particularly in solar energy, only minimal advancements have been made, as indicated by negligible growth records in solar from 2016. This history underscores the urgent need for a strategic shift towards major investments in low-carbon infrastructures such as solar and, where feasible, nuclear. To avoid a future of insufficient energy supply, Burundi must capture the momentum of these cleaner energy technologies to transform its electricity sector.