In 2023, Burundi faces significant challenges in terms of electricity consumption, with each person using just 36 kWh annually, which is a stark contrast to the global average of around 3,781 kWh per person. Most of Burundi's electricity typically comes from low-carbon sources, particularly hydroelectric power. However, a comparison of these low consumption figures highlights a glaring gap in energy availability which can have severe consequences for development, health, and economic growth. Electricity shortages are often linked to limited industrialization and educational opportunities, and they can significantly impede improvements in living standards. Moving forward, an essential step for Burundi involves expanding its electricity generation capabilities, focusing on clean, sustainable energy sources that combat climate change and reduce inefficiencies.
Is Electricity Growing in Burundi?
Unfortunately, recent years show a slight decline in electricity consumption in Burundi, indicating a potential stagnation in energy development. Compared to a high point of 40 kWh per person in 2019, 2023's numbers show a decrease of 4 kWh per person. Similarly, for low-carbon electricity generation, the figures have slightly declined from 22 kWh per person in 2020 to 20 kWh in 2023. This trend, albeit small, stresses an urgent need for the country to examine and revitalize its energy sector plans, especially focusing on expanding electricity production sustainably, rather than allowing further contraction or stagnation.
Suggestions
Looking at successful regions worldwide, Burundi can learn valuable lessons to enhance its low-carbon electricity generation, especially by leveraging solar and nuclear energy. While large countries like China and the United States have achieved tremendous successes with wind, solar, and nuclear energy, smaller countries such as South Korea and Brazil have also scaled their sustainable energy portfolios, providing potential models for Burundi. Investment in solar energy, as evidenced by Brazil, South Africa, and Chile, can be particularly impactful given the high solar potential of the region. Moreover, increasing investment in nuclear energy, following examples like South Korea and France, can offer a reliable, large-scale solution to electricity challenges while maintaining a low carbon footprint.
History
Historically, Burundi's efforts in low-carbon electricity generation have remained relatively stagnant, predominantly relying on hydroelectric power without significant increases over the years. From 1991 to 2021, hydroelectric generation essentially stagnated without change, facing no observed growth spurts or innovations. Meanwhile, solar and biofuels contributions appeared even more negligible throughout these years. These patterns reflect the urgent need for a revised approach towards building a modern energy infrastructure centered around diverse sources of low-carbon electricity like solar and nuclear. Such advancements are crucial not only for energy independence but also for aligning with global partners committed to a sustainable energy future.