Electricity in Burundi in 2023
As of 2023, electricity consumption in Burundi remains notably low compared to the global average. The country relies heavily on hydroelectric power for electricity generation, contributing to a predominantly low-carbon energy profile. However, with limited industrial activities and a low electrification rate, Burundi's electricity consumption per person is significantly lower than the global average of about 3813 watts per person. This discrepancy suggests challenges such as restricted economic development, limited access to modern technology, and potentially hindered service delivery in sectors like healthcare and education. The dependence on a singular energy source also subjects the country to vulnerabilities from environmental changes affecting water availability.
Suggestions
To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Burundi can learn from global successes in solar and wind energy. Given Burundi's geographical similarities to other nations in the Global South, it could look towards countries like India and Brazil, which have successfully tapped into solar and wind resources, respectively. India generated about 134 TWh from solar, while Brazil produced around 108 TWh from wind energy. By harnessing the abundant sunlight and exploring wind potential, Burundi could diversify its energy sources and enhance energy security. Moreover, investing in nuclear energy, like France or China, could provide a substantial and reliable power supply to support long-term sustainable development.
History
Historically, Burundi's low-carbon electricity generation has seen minimal diversification with reliance almost solely on hydroelectric power, remaining unchanged across decades, as marked by the consistent zero change in production from hydro sources since at least 1991. The introduction of solar power in 2016 did not significantly shift this trend, as evidenced by continued stagnation in additional solar electricity generation. While the steadfast contribution from biofuels since 2011 signifies some diversification, the overall growth in low-carbon electricity remains limited. Encouragingly, this provides a vast opportunity for Burundi to develop its solar and nuclear capabilities, fostering a robust and clean energy future.