In Vermont, electricity consumption over the past twelve months, from April 2025 to March 2026, reveals a significant reliance on external sources, with net imports accounting for more than half of the total electricity. On the clean energy front, Vermont generates almost 40% of its electricity through low-carbon sources. Hydropower is the most significant, responsible for almost a fifth of the electricity, followed by solar and biofuels, each contributing a modest portion. Within solar energy, distributed generation, or behind-the-meter solar, accounts for slightly more electricity than utility-scale solar. A smaller segment like wind power also contributes to Vermont's clean energy profile, yet the state must strive to increase its energy independence and sustainability by growing these domestic low-carbon sources.

Is Electricity Growing in Vermont?

Electricity consumption in Vermont is showing signs of growth, as indicated by the latest figure of approximately 9647 kWh per person, surpassing the previous record in 2025 by nearly 71 kWh per person. However, this growth is not matched by corresponding progress in low-carbon electricity production, which, at 3791 kWh per person, has seen a decrease compared to the 2023 record of 4182 kWh per person, reflecting a drop of 390 kWh. This gap is concerning, as it indicates that the increase in electricity consumption is being met primarily through imported and presumably fossil energy, rather than clean and sustainable alternatives. This calls for immediate action to expand the generation of low-carbon electricity to ensure that Vermont can meet its growing demand sustainably.

Suggestions

To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Vermont can draw inspiration from certain regions that have successfully diversified their clean energy mix. Considering the state's geographic and demographic characteristics, expanding solar and exploring nuclear options seem promising. For instance, Nevada and California have shown remarkable progress in solar energy, each generating a significant share from this plentiful resource. Additionally, nearby states like New Hampshire demonstrate the potential for nuclear energy, with it contributing over half of their electricity. By investing in and prioritizing both solar and nuclear technologies, Vermont could enhance its energy independence, cut down emissions, and lead by example in sustainable energy practices.

History

Looking back at Vermont's low-carbon electricity history, the recent past presents a picture of stagnation more than progress. From 2024 to 2026, the state experienced minor declines across various clean sources. In particular, hydropower witnessed a downturn in both 2024 and 2025, though it stabilized thereafter in 2026. Wind energy and biofuels have not shown any discernable increase over these years. This lack of momentum is troubling and highlights the urgency for Vermont to prioritize rapid investments in scalable low-carbon technologies like solar and nuclear. Such investments are crucial for Vermont to bolster its green energy infrastructure, address the challenges of fossil fuel dependency, and contribute to global efforts to mitigate climate change and improve air quality.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

* 12M = Last 12 months (Apr 2025 – Mar 2026) — a rolling 12-month period, not a calendar year.