Electricity in Uganda in 2022

In 2022, Uganda's electricity consumption was largely low-carbon, with hydropower as the dominant source. The country generated about 5.33 terawatt-hours (TWh) of low-carbon electricity, with hydropower contributing around 4.81 TWh. This indicates that more than 90% of Uganda's electricity was low-carbon, as hydropower and biofuels make up the remainder. However, despite this clean energy mix, the total electricity usage in Uganda is substantially low when compared to the global average of 3606 watts per person. The limited electricity generation in Uganda could hinder economic development, impact living standards, and slow technological advancement, as electricity is a critical infrastructure component driving modern economic activities. Low levels of electricity supply could also restrict efforts to improve access to education and healthcare, which are vital for societal well-being.

Suggestions

Uganda could enhance its low-carbon electricity generation by investing in nuclear, wind, and solar technologies. Countries like Brazil have demonstrated efficient use of wind energy by generating 97 TWh, suggesting Uganda could follow suit, especially considering its similar geographical features. Additionally, looking to India's solar capabilities can inspire Uganda to harness solar energy more effectively, as India generates 125 TWh from solar power. By examining these examples, Uganda can implement strategic policies to significantly bolster its low-carbon infrastructure. To this end, developing partnerships with countries experienced in nuclear technology like the United States, generating 790 TWh, or France with its robust 350 TWh, could provide valuable technical knowledge and investment opportunities. These expansions can mitigate the adverse effects of fossil fuels, promoting a cleaner and more sustainable energy future.

History

Historically, the growth of low-carbon electricity generation in Uganda has been staggered yet generally progressive. During the early 1990s and 2000s, Uganda saw modest increases in hydropower, with incremental gains of 0.2 to 0.3 TWh annually. However, 2006 marked a significant decline with a reduction of 0.7 TWh in hydro capacity, which was a setback in the otherwise steady progression. Recovery in subsequent years was gradual; notably, from 2012 onwards, Uganda observed stronger growth, with 0.9 TWh added in 2012 and continued increments in the following decade, including a 0.6 TWh boost in 2021. Meanwhile, biofuels remained a minor yet supportive part of the mix. Such a trajectory reveals Uganda's commitment to low-carbon energy, albeit with areas for amplified growth as underscored by global exemplars in cleaner electricity generation.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Data Sources