Electricity in Uganda in 2022

In 2022, Uganda generated about 5.33 TWh of low-carbon electricity. Hydropower was the dominant source, contributing approximately 4.81 TWh, while biofuels contributed a marginal amount of energy. Together, low-carbon sources accounted for almost all of Uganda's electricity generation, showing a strong dependence on clean energy types. However, when compared to the global average electricity consumption of 3638 watts per person, Uganda lags behind significantly. This low level of electricity generation can affect the country's development as access to reliable electricity is crucial for economic activities, improved education, and healthcare services. Additionally, it hampers the population's ability to transition to electric cooking and heating, prolonging reliance on biomass, which may lead to deforestation and health issues due to indoor air pollution.

Suggestions

To boost low-carbon electricity generation, Uganda could invest in diversifying its energy mix with solar, wind, and potentially nuclear power, as these sources are being successfully used globally. For instance, Brazil has made notable strides in wind energy, generating over 100 TWh, while India has effectively harnessed both solar and wind power, producing 128 TWh and 91 TWh, respectively. These countries show that significant investments in solar and wind can result in substantial electricity generation, even in regions with similar economic and geographic settings as Uganda. Additionally, exploring nuclear energy is also a viable path, given its efficiency and scalability, as demonstrated by countries like France and Canada.

History

Uganda's history of low-carbon electricity generation reveals a consistent reliance on hydropower with variable growth. In the 1990s, the country saw modest increases, with gains of 0.2 TWh in both 1992 and 2000. The early 2000s remained relatively stable, with slight fluctuations in hydropower output. A notable dip occurred in 2006 with a decline of 0.7 TWh, likely due to weather or infrastructural challenges, but subsequent years marked a slow recovery. Particularly notable were the years 2012 and 2013, which saw increases of 0.9 TWh and 0.4 TWh, respectively. By 2022, consistent efforts brought about a moderate rise in electricity generation from low-carbon sources, setting a foundation for future growth through diversification and investment in other clean energy technologies.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Data Sources