In Zambia, the electricity sector stands out as a beacon of low-carbon energy use, with an impressive 89% of electricity consumption sourced from clean energy. This achievement is largely due to hydropower, which itself contributes more than 87% to the nation's electricity mix. The reliance on fossil fuels is minimal, with coal accounting for almost all of the 11% fossil-based electricity usage. As a significant net exporter of electricity, Zambia is aiding neighboring countries in reducing their emissions. However, the pressing challenge ahead lies in further electrifying other sectors such as transport, heating, and industry. Meeting these new demands will undoubtedly require a substantial increase in electricity generation.
Is Electricity Growing in Zambia?
Contrary to what one might expect, electricity consumption in Zambia has not been on an upward trajectory. The latest data shows electricity usage at 939 kWh per person, which is a noticeable decline from the peak of 1638 kWh per person recorded in 1981. This declining trend is also reflected in low-carbon electricity generation, which recently registered at 836 kWh per person, compared to the high of 1621 kWh per person in the same year. The decrease in per capita electricity consumption, including low-carbon sources, is concerning, as it may hinder efforts to electrify other sectors and meet future economic demands.
Suggestions
For Zambia to bolster its low-carbon electricity generation, there is an immense opportunity to harness the power of solar energy. The nation's rich sunshine hours make solar power an ideal candidate for energy expansion. Moreover, while Zambia currently relies on hydropower, exploring the potential of nuclear energy could provide a stable and sustainable energy solution for the long term. By investing in these low-carbon technologies and modernizing the electricity infrastructure, Zambia can not only meet its own growing demands but also remain a key player in promoting sustainable energy practices within the region.
History
Historically, Zambia's journey with low-carbon electricity, primarily through hydropower, has seen its share of fluctuations. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the country faced declines but quickly rebounded, experiencing positive growth by 1990 and subsequent years. The early 2000s marked a steady progression, with several years witnessing consistent increments in hydroelectric generation. A notable boost occurred in the early 2010s, underscored by continuous annual increases until a slight decline hit in 2015 and 2016. Since then, the sector has been on a recovery path, with significant growth particularly in 2021, highlighting the potential for future expansion. This pattern illustrates the resilience and potential of Zambia's commitment to clean electricity, laying a strong foundation to further bolster its low-carbon grid.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.