Electricity in Zambia in 2023
In 2023, Zambia has made a remarkable achievement by sourcing 89% of its electricity from low-carbon sources. This predominance is overwhelmingly supported by hydropower, which alone accounts for over 87% of the country's electricity supply. Fossil energy sources, primarily coal, contribute about 11% to Zambia's electricity generation. This means that the country's energy landscape is predominantly clean, positioning Zambia as a leader in low-carbon electricity generation within the region. Furthermore, Zambia's status as a significant net exporter of electricity benefits neighboring countries, helping them to reduce their reliance on high-emission energy sources. The next big task for Zambia is to further electrify its transport, heating, and industrial sectors, which will necessitate an increase in electricity production.
Suggestions
To further expand its low-carbon electricity generation, Zambia can explore multiple avenues. Investing in solar and wind energy can be an effective strategy, given how these technologies have become more cost-effective and scalable in recent years. Moreover, embracing nuclear power could provide a reliable and constant source of clean energy that complements variable sources like solar and wind. By expanding its clean energy portfolio, Zambia can ensure a robust, sustainable, and diversified energy supply that supports ongoing industrial and economic growth, all while reducing its carbon footprint.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity in Zambia, especially hydropower, has seen significant fluctuations over the years. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, there were notable declines in hydropower generation, with decreases such as 1.3 TWh in 1987 and 1.6 TWh in 1989, followed by years of recovery like 1990 and 1991, which saw increases of 1.3 TWh and 1 TWh, respectively. The mid-1990s observed slight fluctuations, including a 0.8 TWh dip in 1996 and a recovery in 1997. Fast forward to the 2000s, there was steady growth around 2011 to 2014, with consistent increments under 1 TWh annually. The period from 2015 to 2019 saw both ups and downs, with notable declines in 2015 and 2016 but recovery in subsequent years. Most recently, in 2021, there was an impressive boost of 3.3 TWh, highlighting Zambia's ongoing commitment to enhancing its low-carbon energy capabilities.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.