In 2024, Belgium's electricity consumption reflects a commendable shift towards low-carbon sources, with more than two-thirds coming from clean energy. Nuclear power is the dominant source, contributing around 37% of electricity, while wind and solar energy bring in almost a third combined, with approximately 17% from wind and 11% from solar. Despite being still reliant on some fossil fuels, accounting for about 20% of electricity, Belgium is making strides towards sustainability. However, there is room for improvement, especially in reducing the significant contribution of gas within the fossil segment. Net imports also play a role, comprising nearly 11% of the total electricity mix.
Is Electricity Growing in Belgium?
Considering electricity consumption growth in Belgium, the current figure stands at 7208 kWh per person, notably lower than the historic high of 9079 kWh per person in 2006. This decrease of 1871 kWh per person reflects a worrying trend of declining energy demand or stagnation, contrary to the global push for increased electricity to power future needs. Low-carbon electricity generation is also behind past records, with the latest numbers showing 4976 kWh per person, down from 6315 kWh per person in 2021. This further decline of 1339 kWh per person in clean energy output necessitates targeted growth strategies to boost Belgium's sustainable electricity generation.
Suggestions
To boost low-carbon electricity generation in Belgium, a strategic focus on expanding existing nuclear, wind, and solar infrastructure is essential. Belgium can take inspiration from France, where nuclear energy provides a substantial 68% of electricity, showcasing a successful model for increasing sustainable energy delivery. Additionally, Denmark, with its 52% electricity generation from wind, demonstrates the potential of wind energy expansion. Increasing solar energy, much like Lebanon's achievement of 31%, could significantly boost Belgium's solar capacity. By adopting lessons from these countries, Belgium can enhance its energy portfolio and align more closely with sustainable energy targets.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity in Belgium reveals critical patterns, especially concerning nuclear generation. Several expansions occurred in the late 20th century, notably between 1975 and 1986, with nuclear generation seeing substantial increases. However, the early 21st century marked notable declines in nuclear output; significant reductions were observed from 2012 to 2023, with 2023 alone witnessing an 11 TWh decrease. Such fluctuations highlight the need for consistent and strategic development in the nuclear sector. Simultaneously, wind generation has shown positive growth trends, especially notable since 2020, indicating a promising avenue for cleaner electricity. While achievements in wind energy are commendable, ensuring stable and reliable nuclear output is crucial for a robust, low-carbon future.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.