Mozambique stands as a notable example in the realm of low-carbon electricity generation, with over 83% of its electricity coming from clean sources in 2023. Almost all of this clean electricity is generated from hydropower, which constitutes about 83% of the total electricity mix. This impressive achievement not only places Mozambique at the forefront of the drive for low-carbon energy but also enables it to play a crucial role as a net exporter of electricity. By exporting this low-carbon electricity to neighboring regions, Mozambique aids in reducing their carbon footprints, contributing to the wider regional effort of lowering emissions. However, while the current electricity landscape is commendable, Mozambique faces the future challenge of electrifying other sectors like transport, heating, and industry, which will necessitate a substantial increase in electricity production and consumption.
Data sources used on this page include EIA, Ember and IEA. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Mozambique?
Despite this commitment to clean energy, Mozambique's overall electricity consumption has seen a concerning decline. As of 2023, the total electricity use stands at about 582 kWh per person, a significant drop from the historic high of 1248 kWh per person in 1980. This represents a reduction of 667 kWh per person. Similarly, low-carbon electricity generation per person has also decreased, now being 487 kWh compared to 1147 kWh in 1980, marking a downward shift of 660 kWh. This decline is worrying as it indicates stagnation in electricity availability, which could hinder economic development and the transition towards fully electrified sectors.
Suggestions
To rejuvenate the growth of clean electricity, Mozambique should consider expanding its low-carbon energy mix beyond hydropower. Embracing solar energy offers vast potential given the country's sunlight abundance, and nuclear energy could offer a reliable and consistent power source without emissions. Inviting investments and fostering partnerships to build solar farms and explore nuclear energy developments could also play a crucial role. Such strategic moves would not only address the future electricity demands resulting from sector electrification but also enhance energy security and support sustainable economic growth.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity generation in Mozambique, primarily via hydropower, has been marked by fluctuations over the years. In the early 1980s, a significant reduction in hydroelectric output was noted, with 1981 seeing a sharp decline of about 9.7 TWh. However, following this setback, the late 1990s and early 2000s showcased a recovery and steady growth, with notable increases in hydropower generation, such as a 5.9 TWh rise in 1998 and consistent boosts in subsequent years. From 2005, growth continued albeit at a slower pace, punctuated by occasional declines. Despite the challenges, such as those encountered in 2012 and 2013, Mozambique's ongoing efforts have kept hydropower at the core of its electricity generation strategy. Looking ahead, expanding into solar and nuclear energy could ensure a more stable and sustainable growth trajectory.
