In Mozambique, the current state of electricity consumption leans heavily towards low-carbon sources, with an impressive proportion of 84% of its electricity being derived from clean energy. This commitment to sustainability is primarily supported by its vast hydropower resources, which account for more than 82% of the electricity generation. On the other hand, fossil energy still makes up about 16% of the energy mix, predominantly through gas at approximately 16%. Mozambique plays a critical role in the region as a net exporter of electricity, contributing to lower emissions in its neighboring areas. While this reliance on low-carbon electricity is commendable, the next big hurdle for Mozambique is to expand its electricity capacity to include sectors like transport, heating, and industry, thus supporting broader electrification and economic growth.
Is Electricity Growing in Mozambique?
Despite Mozambique's historical commitment to low-carbon electricity, the overall consumption of electricity per person today stands at 582 kWh, which is a significant reduction from the historic high of 1,248 kWh per person in 1980. This decline of 667 kWh per person is concerning, as electricity is essential for modern development. Similarly, low-carbon electricity generation per person has also decreased by 660 kWh from its peak in 1980, now measuring at 487 kWh per person. These numbers suggest that Mozambique's electricity consumption has not grown as needed to keep pace with contemporary demands and goals, potentially limiting the country's capacity to thrive in a low-carbon future.
Suggestions
For Mozambique to meet the rising demands of the electrification of its different sectors and to drive future developments, strategic investments and expansions in low-carbon electricity generation are crucial. This can be achieved by capitalizing on its abundant natural resources and ideal conditions for solar power, and to consider the development of nuclear energy, which can provide a stable, substantial, and sustainable electricity supply. Both of these clean electricity sources can supplement the existing hydropower capabilities and reduce dependence on fossil fuels further. By focusing on green energy investments, Mozambique can position itself as a leader in clean electricity and bolster its regional influence as an electricity exporter.
History
Looking back at the history of low-carbon electricity in Mozambique, the early 1980s saw fluctuations, particularly in hydropower generation, with significant declines like the one in 1981, when it fell by almost 10 TWh, and smaller shifts thereafter. However, the late 1990s and early 2000s were more stable and positive, with consistent increases except for minor reductions in 2003 and intermittent years like 2012 and 2016. Since then, modest but steady improvements have been observed, especially between 2005 and 2009. While these historical shifts showcase Mozambique's commitment to hydropower, there remains significant room for growth and diversification of clean energy sources to ensure a more resilient and dynamic electricity sector in the years to come.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.