In South Africa, electricity consumption over the past year—from April 2025 to March 2026—reveals a heavy reliance on fossil fuels, with more than three-quarters of the electricity coming from such energy sources. Among these, coal is the predominant source, making up nearly the entire share of fossil fuel contribution. Conversely, low-carbon electricity sources, which include solar, wind, nuclear, and hydropower, contribute nearly a fifth of the total electricity generation. Solar energy stands out as the leading low-carbon source, providing nearly one-tenth of the electricity consumed. This is followed by wind and nuclear power, each contributing about 5%, while hydropower represents a barely noticeable share of approximately 1%.

Is Electricity Growing in South Africa?

Electricity consumption in South Africa appears to be experiencing a downturn when viewed in historical context. The latest consumption statistics reflect a stark reduction from previous peaks, with the average consumption per person declining more than by a quarter compared to records from 2007. The consumption has dropped from 5,214 kWh per person back then to 3,502 kWh per person in 2026. However, there is a positive trajectory in the low-carbon segment: the latest data indicates that low-carbon electricity generation per person has increased slightly compared to its previous record in 2025, reaching 699 kWh per person. This suggests that while overall electricity consumption has decreased, the low-carbon electricity scene is showing signs of growth.

Suggestions

For South Africa to enhance its low-carbon electricity generation, there are vital lessons to be garnered from various regions. Countries such as France and Slovakia show the transformative potential of nuclear, with both deriving more than half of their electricity from this clean source. Similarly, South Africa can also look to solar advancements seen in states like Nevada and countries like California, which derive significant portions of their electricity from solar power. By investing in solar and nuclear technology, South Africa can diversify its energy portfolio and reduce its reliance on fossil fuels. Encouraging policies that support the construction and expansion of these technologies will pave the way for a cleaner, sustainable future.

History

The history of low-carbon electricity generation in South Africa, particularly concerning nuclear, has been marked by fluctuations with significant expansions and some declines over the years. In the mid-1980s, nuclear power saw significant growth, only to face setbacks later in that decade and again in the decades that followed. The early 2000s were characterized by a sharp decline, but a resurgence occurred later in 2013 and 2016. Recent years have seen expansion efforts in solar power, with substantial gains reported between 2022 and 2024. These recent increases reflect South Africa's growing commitment to a more diversified, low-carbon energy future. The critical lesson here is the need for steady and sustained investments and policies that effectively support the consistent growth of low-carbon energy to ensure a robust and sustainable electricity sector.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

* 12M = Last 12 months (Apr 2025 – Mar 2026) — a rolling 12-month period, not a calendar year.