In the period from August 2024 to July 2025, South Africa's electricity consumption showcases a significant reliance on fossil fuels, with more than four-fifths, specifically 82%, originating from such sources. Coal alone accounts for about 80%, underscoring the country's heavy dependence on this fossil energy. On the brighter side, low-carbon sources make up nearly 18% of the electricity mix. Solar power contributes almost 9%, which is slightly less than a tenth, whereas wind energy accounts for close to 5%. Nuclear energy, which is an integral part of South Africa's clean energy strategy, stands at just over 3.5%. This division starkly highlights room for growth in the clean electricity sector, particularly if the country aims to transition towards more sustainable energy production.
Data sources used on this page include EIA, Ember and IEA. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in South Africa?
When examining the growth of electricity consumption in South Africa, there is a noticeable decline from historic highs. While the latest data indicates an electricity consumption rate of 3,639 kWh per person, this is around 1,576 kWh less per person compared to the peak in 2007, suggesting a considerable reduction over the years. However, there's positive momentum in the adoption of low-carbon electricity generation. Comparing the latest figures to a recent record in 2024, there has been growth from 628 to 649 kWh per person, marking an increase of 21 kWh. This modest improvement indicates an intent and action towards embracing cleaner energy sources, even if overall electricity consumption is yet to rebound to previous highs.
Suggestions
To bolster low-carbon electricity generation, South Africa can draw lessons from regions that have excelled in specific clean energy sectors. Countries like France and Slovakia showcase impressive nuclear contributions to their electricity grids, with shares close to or above 65%. Such a focus on nuclear energy can be inspirational for South Africa, given its existing nuclear infrastructure. Meanwhile, the substantial wind energy adoption in regions like Iowa and South Dakota, producing between 50-60% of their electricity from wind, presents a compelling case for expanding wind energy resources. Solar power success stories from countries like Lebanon and states like Nevada, where solar contributes 30% or more of electricity, can further guide South Africa in enhancing its solar infrastructure. By integrating these insights, South Africa could significantly boost its green electricity production, reducing reliance on coal and mitigating environmental impacts like air pollution and climate change.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity in South Africa is marked by its dynamic evolution, especially with nuclear energy. In the mid-1980s, nuclear power saw an increase with gains of about 4 TWh each in 1984 and 1986. The following years experienced fluctuations, notably with declines in 1987 and 1990, which dampened momentum. Key periods of growth occurred again in 1994 and 2013, bolstering nuclear's role in the country's energy mix. However, subsequent declines, particularly the reductions in 2018 and 2022, indicate inconsistent engagement with nuclear power, an area where more focused development could yield sustained benefits. Meanwhile, South Africa's exploration into solar energy is commendable, with significant advances in 2022 and 2023 showing promising potential. Consistent growth in this sector, alongside stabilizing and expanding nuclear energy output, could elevate the country's low-carbon electricity generation to new heights.
