As of 2023, Lebanon's electricity consumption presents a mixed picture in terms of energy sourcing. Slightly over half (around 53%) of the electricity is generated using fossil fuels, which contributes to climate change and air pollution. The remaining share, nearly 47%, comes from low-carbon sources, showcasing a promising reliance on cleaner energy. Within the low-carbon category, solar power is the foremost contributor, accounting for almost a third of the country's total electricity generation at about 31%. Meanwhile, hydropower makes up approximately 15.5% of the overall electricity. These figures underscore Lebanon's significant pivot towards cleaner energy, although the continued reliance on fossil fuels indicates room for improvement.
Is Electricity Growing in Lebanon?
Despite a substantial reduction in total electricity consumption to 783 kWh per person in 2023, down from a record high of 3741 kWh in 2019, Lebanon is making strides in its low-carbon electricity generation. As of the latest numbers, low-carbon output stands at 371 kWh per person, up from the previous record of 346 kWh set in 2022. This modest increase is a step in the right direction, reflecting efforts to boost clean energy amidst an overall decline in electricity consumption. The negative trend in total consumption is worrisome as it suggests potential challenges in electricity access or a lag in demand, but the growth in sustainable electricity generation is an encouraging development.
Suggestions
To further increase its supply of low-carbon electricity, Lebanon should expand its use of solar energy due to its existing prominent contribution and potential for scalability. Learning from successful examples globally, one strategy Lebanon could consider is investing in nuclear power, following in the footsteps of countries like France and Slovakia where nuclear accounts for a significant majority of their electricity, at 68% and 62% respectively. Although the nuclear infrastructure requires substantial investment, other countries, including the United Arab Emirates, have also pursued this path. Additionally, wind power has proven successful in several European nations, and Morocco's deployment of 21% wind electricity is particularly relevant given regional similarities, suggesting opportunities for Lebanon to diversify its low-carbon energy sources.
History
Historically, Lebanon's journey with low-carbon electricity has seen fluctuations, predominantly in hydropower. During the 1980s and 1990s, hydropower output was relatively unstable, with minor changes, both positive and negative. Notably, in the early 2000s, there was a notable increase, especially in 2002 and 2003, though this was counteracted by subsequent declines. The decades that followed saw further inconsistencies, with significant downturns in 2006 and 2014, revealing an area that needs addressing. However, the recent rise of solar power, particularly with the breakthrough in 2022, signifies a potential new era for low-carbon energy in Lebanon. This shift marks a critical development, demonstrating Lebanon's capacity to adapt and invest in sustainable technologies to meet future energy needs.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.