As of 2023, Eswatini's electricity consumption is marked by a significant reliance on imported energy, with more than half of its electricity, approximately 62%, being sourced from external suppliers. This highlights the country's dependence on neighboring regions to fulfill its electricity needs. Within its local generation, low-carbon sources dominate, comprising about 36% of the total, with hydropower leading at approximately 20%. Biofuels and solar also contribute to this clean energy mix, accounting for around 14% and 2%, respectively. The fossil energy footprint is minimal, making up just over 1%, entirely from coal. This small percentage indicates a conscious effort by Eswatini to maintain a low-carbon footprint, which aligns with global trends toward sustainable energy systems.
Data sources used on this page include EIA, Ember and Enerdata. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Eswatini?
Despite a past peak in electricity consumption, Eswatini currently shows a declining trend. The latest per capita electricity consumption is about 1,211 kWh, which signifies a considerable decline from the 2007 peak of 1,550 kWh per person. This reduction in electricity consumption equates to a drop of 339 kWh per person. Similarly, low-carbon electricity generation has decreased since its peak in 2001, with the latest numbers reaching 439 kWh per person—a reduction of 218 kWh from its historical high. These declines are concerning as they indicate stagnation in electricity growth, at a time when increased electricity generation, particularly from clean sources, is crucial for sustainable development and meeting future demand from electrification and technological advancements such as AI.
Suggestions
To bolster its low-carbon electricity generation, Eswatini can look to other regions for inspiration. Incorporating nuclear energy, as exemplified by France where 70% of its electricity comes from nuclear power, could significantly enhance Eswatini's clean energy capacity. Additionally, harnessing solar energy, as seen in Nevada with 33% of its electricity from solar, offers another viable path. By focusing on these technologies, Eswatini can diversify its energy portfolio and reduce dependency on imports while contributing to global efforts to combat climate change. The models provided by these countries show the potential benefits to Eswatini of investing in nuclear and solar infrastructure, positioning itself as a leader in sustainable energy within its region.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity in Eswatini reveals modest fluctuating trends over the years. From the year 2000 onwards, biofuels consistently played a role though their contribution saw some ups and downs—including minor declines in 2009 and 2011. Hydropower, another significant contributor, experienced slight declines in the mid-2000s but showed signs of recovery in more recent years with gradual increases in 2013, 2017, and 2018. These variations underscore the importance of stabilizing and expanding Eswatini's low-carbon electricity generation. By capitalizing on past experiences and adapting strategies from successful regions, Eswatini can reinforce its commitment to a sustainable energy future.
