Electricity in Spain in 2023/2024

Spain stands as a global leader in clean electricity production, with more than 80% of its electricity generated from low-carbon sources from November 2023 to October 2024. The nation’s electricity mix showcases the significant contributions of wind (nearly a quarter), nuclear (almost a fifth), hydropower (about the same as nuclear), and solar energy (close to one-fifth). Fossil fuels, on the other hand, make up a small fraction, contributing just over 16% of Spain’s electricity, primarily from gas and biofuels, with coal nearly negligible. This impressive achievement underscores Spain's commitment to sustainable energy and positions the country well as it seeks to electrify other sectors like transport, heating, and industry, calling for a significant increase in electricity production.

Suggestions

To further grow its low-carbon electricity generation, Spain should focus on expanding its established clean energy infrastructures, particularly nuclear, wind, and solar power. The existing nuclear energy plants provide a stable and reliable electricity base, making them essential for continuous electricity supply. Simultaneously, increasing investments in wind and solar energy can capitalize on Spain’s favorable climate conditions, particularly its abundant sunshine and wind. These strategic expansions will strengthen Spain’s clean energy capacity, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and contribute to combating climate change and air pollution.

History

Looking back at Spain's history of low-carbon electricity, hydropower has experienced fluctuating fortunes. Throughout the 1980s, hydropower saw both significant gains and sharp declines, with notable expansions in 1977 while facing substantial reductions, especially in 1980 and 1989. Moving into the 1990s and early 2000s, the pattern of variability continued. The turn of the millennium brought more positive but still irregular developments. In contrast, Spain witnessed a commendable milestone in 1984 when nuclear energy surged forward, contributing a significant 12.4 TWh to the grid, which laid a solid foundation for the country's low-carbon journey. In recent years, solar energy has made remarkable progress, with 11.1 TWh added in 2023, highlighting the successful diversification of Spain’s clean energy portfolio. Despite occasional setbacks in hydropower, Spain has consistently advanced in broadening its sustainable electricity production over the decades, solidifying its role as a key player in Europe’s green energy transition.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Maximum Imports

Data Sources