In Spain, the current state of electricity consumption paints a fascinating picture of a country steering towards sustainability. Low-carbon energy sources dominate the landscape, making up more than three-quarters of the total electricity generation. Wind and solar power are neck and neck, contributing about 22% and 21% each, while nuclear energy is not far behind with nearly 20%. Hydropower plays a smaller but significant role, accounting for close to 12% of the mix. Together, these clean energy sources significantly overshadow fossil-based options, which contribute just over 23%, with gas being the major fossil input. Notably, biofuels make up a minor component of clean energy, emphasizing Spain's dedication to maintaining a broad base of low-carbon energy inputs.
Is Electricity Growing in Spain?
Despite this promising scenario for sustainable electricity, the overall electricity consumption in Spain is witnessing a decline compared to historic highs. In 2024, electricity consumption was 5852 kWh per person, which marks a decrease from the 2008 record of 6786 kWh per person. This downward trend, a reduction of 934 kWh per person, is concerning amidst society's increasing energy needs due to electrification and technological advancements like AI. However, there is a silver lining; low-carbon electricity generation per person has reached a new peak at 4492 kWh, up by 289 from last year, showcasing a clear shift towards greener production methods.
Suggestions
To bolster Spain's low-carbon electricity generation, expanding existing successful technologies like nuclear, wind, and solar can significantly contribute to meeting rising demand sustainably. Nuclear energy, a dependable and consistent low-carbon source, could take a page from France, where almost 70% of electricity comes from nuclear power, demonstrating its potential when fully embraced. Similarly, Spain could learn from Denmark's experience, where wind energy provides more than half of its electricity, underscoring its viability. By looking at these global leaders, Spain can build a more robust and sustainable electrical grid that aligns with environmental goals.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity in Spain reveals a journey of ebb and flow, punctuated with remarkable advancements and unfortunate setbacks. The late 1970s through the early 1990s saw challenges with hydropower, marked by significant decreases in production, though some years like 1996 and 2003 showed strong gains. The early 1980s marked Spain's initial foray into nuclear energy, with 1984 seeing a significant boost. In the 21st century, hydropower continued its trend of volatility, but a noteworthy rise in solar energy in the latest years, specifically in 2023, with an increase of nearly 13 TWh, suggests a promising and growing commitment to solar solutions. These experiences highlight the importance of diversifying and enhancing Spain's clean energy capacity through strategic investments in proven technologies like nuclear and solar.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.