Electricity in Nigeria in 2023/2024

In Nigeria, over the last twelve months from September 2023 to August 2024, electricity consumption has been predominantly reliant on fossil energy. With around 24 TWh, fossil fuels, primarily gas, account for more than 75% of the country's total electricity generation. Low-carbon or clean energy, all of which is from hydropower, contributes approximately 8 TWh, making up less than a quarter of the country's overall electricity production. The total electricity generation per person is significantly below the global average of 3606 watts per person. This low level of electricity generation can hinder economic growth, limit access to essential services, and restrict improvements in quality of life, as reliable electricity is fundamental for numerous aspects of modern living, from health care to education and industry.

Suggestions

To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Nigeria can learn from countries that have successfully harnessed wind, solar, and nuclear power. China and India, despite being large developing countries like Nigeria, have made substantial progress in solar and wind electricity generation. China with over 950 TWh in wind and 653 TWh in solar, and India generating significant amounts from both wind and solar, highlight the impact these technologies can have. Emulating their strategies, Nigeria could invest in solar energy, given its favorable climate for solar irradiance, and explore nuclear energy options for a more stable and continuous electricity supply. These investments could reduce the country's dependence on fossil fuels, alleviate air pollution, and combat climate change while paving the way for sustainable development.

History

The history of low-carbon electricity generation in Nigeria has fluctuated, primarily revolving around hydropower. In the early 1980s, there were declines in hydroelectricity generation, reflecting instability with a drop of half a TWh in both 1981 and 1983. From the late 1980s to early 2000s, fluctuations continued, with notable increases such as a rise of 1.5 TWh in 1991 and a significant boost of 2.3 TWh in 2002. However, there have also been setbacks, including notable declines in years like 2006 and 2009, with drops of 1.5 TWh and 1.2 TWh, respectively. In more recent years, up to 2020, there has been moderate growth in hydropower capacity, demonstrating Nigeria's potential and the need for a more consistent push towards sustainable and reliable electricity sources. By focusing on increasing low-carbon generation now, Nigeria can build a more resilient, clean energy infrastructure for future growth.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Data Sources