Electricity consumption in Nigeria currently stands at a total of approximately 40 TWh, with fossil fuels accounting for the majority. Specifically, electricity generated from gas, a fossil fuel, contributes around 31 TWh, which is more than three-quarters of the total consumption. On the other hand, low-carbon sources account for about 9 TWh, with hydropower being the sole contributor of clean energy measured in this data. This level of electricity generation translates to a per capita consumption of 173 kWh, which is significantly below the global average of 3781 kWh per person. Such low levels of electricity availability can hinder economic development, affect daily life, and restrict access to modern technologies, which are essential for improved living standards and economic advancement.
Is Electricity Growing in Nigeria?
The trajectory of electricity consumption in Nigeria does not appear to be positive. The latest data from 2024 shows a per capita consumption of 173 kWh, which is lower than the previous record high of 187 kWh per person back in 2016—a decrease of 14 kWh. Similarly, the current low-carbon electricity generation per person, which stands at 40 kWh, is down from the peak of 62 kWh per person reached in 2002, marking a decrease of 22 kWh. This decline in both total and low-carbon electricity consumption is disheartening and calls attention to the need for revitalization of the energy sector to meet potential future demands, foster economic growth, and ensure sustainable development.
Suggestions
To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Nigeria can draw inspiration from countries and regions that have succeeded in this area. Regions like China have made remarkable strides in generating clean electricity, with over 800 TWh from solar and over 1000 TWh from wind power. Similarly, India has also invested significantly in solar, generating 150 TWh. These regions demonstrate the potential of solar energy, which is abundant in Nigeria due to its geographical location. Additionally, nuclear energy offers a stable and reliable clean energy source, as evidenced by the United States generating over 700 TWh from nuclear power. By adopting policies that encourage investment in solar and nuclear technologies, Nigeria can reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and significantly increase its clean electricity generation capacity.
History
Throughout Nigeria's history of low-carbon electricity generation, hydropower has played a significant role. The early years saw moderate changes, with increases in the late 1980s and early '90s. From 2002 onwards, hydropower generation has shown fluctuations, with both declines and rises. Notable periods of growth include the early 2000s, with an increase of 2.3 TWh in 2002, and more recent years like 2015 and 2016 where positive changes were recorded. The fluctuations indicate a lack of consistent investment and development, pointing to the urgent need for a strategic approach to ensure a stable and ongoing increase in low-carbon electricity generation, especially through solar and nuclear energy. This approach can help secure a sustainable and prosperous energy future for Nigeria.