In 2024, Nigeria's electricity consumption totalled around 40 TWh. The overwhelming majority, accounting for more than three-quarters, comes from fossil fuels, particularly gas, which generates close to 31 TWh of electricity. In contrast, clean electricity, primarily from hydropower, contributes a mere 9 TWh to Nigeria's total, highlighting a significant reliance on fossil energy. This is notably low compared to the global average of 3662 kWh/person of electricity consumption, with Nigeria at just 173 kWh/person. Such low levels of electricity generation can hinder the country's economic growth and quality of life, potentially limiting access to modern technology, education, and healthcare services.
Data sources used on this page include EIA, Ember and IEA. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Nigeria?
The recent trends in electricity growth in Nigeria are concerning. In 2024, electricity consumption per person decreased by 14 kWh compared to the previous year, dropping to 173 kWh/person from 187 kWh/person. This decline indicates a regression in electricity availability. Furthermore, clean energy production per capita also saw a decrease from its peak in 2002, dropping by 22 kWh to 40 kWh/person. These trends show a troubling stagnation in electricity generation, particularly in the expansion of cleaner energy sources, which is vital for sustainable development and combating climate change.
Suggestions
To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Nigeria can learn from the successful strategies employed by regions such as China and the United States. China, for example, has achieved substantial electricity generation from solar and wind sources, while the United States excels in both nuclear and wind energy. By harnessing solar and expanding its nuclear infrastructure, Nigeria can reduce its reliance on fossil fuels, improve its electricity output, and align more closely with global clean energy leaders. Drawing on these models, Nigeria could significantly expand its low-carbon electricity generation, fostering economic growth, and securing a sustainable energy future.
History
Reviewing the history of low-carbon electricity in Nigeria, hydropower has seen mixed fortunes. In the early 1980s and through to the early 2000s, growth was sporadic, with gains in years like 1984, 1986 and 1988 offset by equal years of decline. In the last decades, there have been periods of notable increases, such as 2010, 2016, and 2019, interspersed with reductions. The inconsistency in growth reflects an underutilization of this clean energy source, emphasizing the need for a more robust and continuous investment in hydropower, alongside solar and nuclear, to ensure a stable and sustainable increase in electricity generation. Such strategic investments can transform Nigeria's energy landscape, contributing to economic advancement and sustainable development.
