In 2025, more than half of Pakistan's electricity comes from low-carbon sources, with about 64% of the country's electricity being generated from clean energy. This includes close to a quarter being supplied by hydropower and slightly over one-fifth by solar energy, which highlights the strong presence of these sustainable resources. Nuclear power also contributes significantly to the clean energy mix with almost 15%. Wind energy, however, makes up a comparatively smaller portion, at around 2.5%. Meanwhile, fossil fuels account for a significant portion of 36% of the electricity mix, with gas and coal contributing approximately 20% and 15%, respectively. Considering the urgent need to mitigate climate change and reduce air pollution, the emphasis on low-carbon electricity is significant for Pakistan's energy policy.
Is Electricity Growing in Pakistan?
Looking at electricity consumption in Pakistan, it appears there has been a decline when comparing recent data to previous years. The most recent data records electricity consumption at 636 kWh per person, which is a reduction from the recorded high of 728 kWh per person in 2023. This downward trend in overall electricity consumption is concerning, especially as we look at the need for electrification to support economic growth and advancements such as AI. On a positive note, the production of low-carbon electricity is on the rise, with the latest numbers showing 409 kWh per person, a notable increase from the 338 kWh per person recorded in 2024. This highlights strides in the clean energy sector, although the overall decrease in electricity use raises questions about energy access and economic expansion.
Suggestions
To further augment low-carbon electricity generation, Pakistan could focus on expanding its nuclear and solar energy sectors, both of which already play significant roles in the country's energy mix. Looking at successful regions around the world, France and Slovakia stand as exemplary models due to their high reliance on nuclear power, generating 67% and 65% of their electricity from nuclear, respectively. For solar energy, Nevada in the United States showcases high solar generation at 34%. Drawing lessons from these regions, Pakistan can amplify efforts in building robust infrastructures for nuclear and solar power, helping the nation reap the benefits of clean electricity and reduce its dependency on fossil fuels, thus safeguarding the environment for future generations.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity in Pakistan shows varying progress across different decades, especially for hydropower and nuclear energy. In the early 1990s, hydropower saw substantial growth, while fluctuations became apparent with setbacks towards the end of the 1990s and mid-2000s. Significant fluctuations were observed through the 2000s, with both increases and declines in hydroelectric capacity. Recent years have brought considerable advancements, especially in nuclear power, with a remarkable rise in 2017 and subsequent years, indicating a strengthening commitment to clean energy. Solar power has witnessed rapid growth in recent years, particularly from 2023 to 2025. This paints an optimistic picture moving forward, provided that Pakistan continues to build on its commitment to expanding its clean energy capacities.
