Electricity in Pakistan in 2023/2024

From November 2023 to October 2024, Pakistan's electricity consumption has shown a commendable shift towards low-carbon sources, with more than half, about 54%, of the electricity generated coming from clean energy sources. Hydropower leads as the most significant contributor among these low-carbon options, accounting for nearly a third of the total electricity production. Nuclear energy also plays a crucial role, providing almost 18% of the electricity, showcasing a commitment to sustainable and reliable energy. On the other hand, fossil fuels, which include coal and gas, still represent a significant portion, collectively contributing about 46% to the electricity mix. Fossil gas alone makes up nearly 28%, while coal accounts for a little over 17%. Wind energy, despite being a clean source, contributes only around 3%, pointing towards an area with potential for growth.

Suggestions

To enhance the share of low-carbon electricity in its energy mix, Pakistan could further invest in expanding its nuclear capacity, an area it is already leveraging effectively. Learning from nations with similar energy structures or geographical conditions could provide insights for improvement. For instance, Ukraine and Slovakia, despite their challenges, each generate more than half of their electricity from nuclear power, demonstrating the potential of nuclear energy as a stable and substantial source. Additionally, countries like Lithuania and Ireland have successfully integrated notable portions of wind energy into their grid, reaching around a third of their electricity from this clean source. Pakistan can follow these examples to diversify its green energy portfolio by tapping into wind energy's potential, alongside expanding its nuclear capabilities. This approach would not only address the growing energy demands but also mitigate the adverse impacts associated with fossil fuel consumption.

History

Historically, Pakistan's journey towards low-carbon electricity has seen significant developments over the decades. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, hydropower production incrementally increased with positive additions to the grid, although the mid to late 1990s experienced reductions. The new millennium marked a roller-coaster in hydroelectric power production, witnessing sharp declines in some years but notable increments, especially in 2003 and 2019. Importantly, the last years witnessed a remarkable rise in nuclear energy contributions, with substantial gains in 2021 and 2022. This growth in nuclear power, particularly in the recent years, positions Pakistan on a promising trajectory for achieving sustainable energy goals. Aggressive expansion in clean energy sectors like nuclear and wind will align with global efforts toward reducing carbon footprints and ensuring long-term energy security.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Data Sources