Azerbaijan's electricity consumption between April 2025 and March 2026 reflects a heavy reliance on fossil fuels. More than 85% of electricity generation comes from fossil fuel sources, predominantly gas, which takes up almost all of the fossil energy segment. Low-carbon or clean energy sources make up close to 15% of the total electricity generation, with hydropower being the primary contributor to this segment at approximately 13%. The remaining low-carbon electricity comes from other sources, but these are virtually negligible in comparison to hydropower's share. This distribution highlights a significant reliance on fossil fuels, with much room for growth in low-carbon sources, which are essential for mitigating climate change and reducing air pollution in Azerbaijan.

Is Electricity Growing in Azerbaijan?

Electricity consumption in Azerbaijan exhibits worrying patterns of stagnation. The latest figures reveal 2,525 kWh per person, representing a decline from the historic high of 3,329 kWh per person in 1988. This decrease of 804 kWh marks a significant downturn. Low-carbon electricity generation is similarly struggling; it stands at 371 kWh per person, almost unchanged from its best performance of 377 kWh per person in 2010, showing a minor decrease of 6 kWh. These static or declining numbers are concerning, suggesting that Azerbaijan is not progressing in expanding electricity access or embracing sustainable clean energy growth, which is paramount in supporting advancements like electrification and AI technologies.

Suggestions

To enhance low-carbon electricity generation, Azerbaijan can look to regions that have successfully developed clean energy infrastructures. For instance, Denmark and Iowa have harnessed wind power to generate 60% and 57% of their electricity, respectively, showcasing the potential for wind energy. Moreover, countries like France and Slovakia demonstrate the viability of nuclear power, contributing more than 65% of their electricity generation. Implementing technology such as solar power, seen in regions like California and Lebanon, with 31% generation, could also provide Azerbaijan with a strategic advantage. By investing in solar, wind, and nuclear technologies, Azerbaijan can diversify its energy portfolio, reduce fossil dependency, and move toward a sustainable, clean electricity future.

History

Historically, Azerbaijan's low-carbon electricity has experienced fluctuations, predominantly centered around hydropower. Increases were seen in the early 1990s and the mid-2000s, counterbalanced by various reductions like the notable declines in 1994, 2006, and a continuous drop from 2011 to 2013. The recent boosts in 2024, with hydro increasing by 1.3 TWh and a modest addition from solar at 0.3 TWh, indicate a potential resurgence. However, the drop in solar by 0.3 TWh the following year highlights the need for sustained commitment to low-carbon transitions. These historical patterns underscore the importance of consistent government policy and investment to stabilize and grow clean electricity output, ensuring it is not subject to significant reversals and is augmented by newer technologies like solar and nuclear energy.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

* 12M = Last 12 months (Apr 2025 – Mar 2026) — a rolling 12-month period, not a calendar year.