Electricity in Azerbaijan in 2024
In 2024, Azerbaijan's electricity consumption is heavily dominated by fossil fuels, with a staggering 88% coming from such sources, nearly all of which is gas. In contrast, low-carbon sources, which are much more sustainable and environmentally friendly, make up only 12% of the total electricity mix. Within this cleaner segment, hydropower represents approximately 10%, which is the largest share among the low-carbon sources. Solar energy contributes a modest 1.4% to the total electricity generation. As it stands, Azerbaijan has a significant opportunity to shift towards more low-carbon electricity sources to decrease its reliance on fossil fuels, which are contributing to climate change and air pollution.
Is Electricity Growing in Azerbaijan?
When analyzing the trend in electricity consumption in Azerbaijan, it appears that the nation is experiencing a downward trajectory. The current per capita consumption of 2818 kWh is significantly lower than the historical high of 3329 kWh observed in 1988, marking a decrease of about 500 kWh per person. This reduction in electricity consumption is concerning, as it likely reflects stagnation in growth and modernization. Similarly, the current levels of low-carbon electricity generation, at 337 kWh per person, are also lower than the historical peak of 377 kWh per person recorded in 2010. This decline in clean energy generation hinders Azerbaijan's progress toward a greener and more sustainable electricity system, which is crucial for its energy security and economic advancement.
Suggestions
To increase its low-carbon electricity generation, Azerbaijan can draw valuable lessons from regions around the world that have successfully transitioned to cleaner energy systems. For instance, adopting nuclear energy, as successfully implemented by countries like France and Slovakia where nuclear accounts for up to 69% and 64% of electricity generation, respectively, could significantly enhance Azerbaijan’s low-carbon electricity output. Similarly, increasing solar energy capacity, as seen in Greece and the Netherlands where solar contributes about 26% and 21% of electricity, respectively, could be a viable strategy for Azerbaijan given its sunny climate. By embracing a mix of solar and nuclear technologies, Azerbaijan can boost its clean energy generation, enhance its energy independence, and provide a more sustainable future for its citizens.
History
Looking back, Azerbaijan's history with low-carbon electricity has shown both progress and setbacks. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, there were fluctuations in hydroelectric power generation, with notable increases in 1990 and 1993, although these gains were offset by declines in the mid-1990s. The early 2000s saw a series of minor gains, with hydroelectric generation increasing in 2002 and 2004. However, more recent years have been marked by variability, with a notable boost in hydroelectric generation in 2010 but also declines in subsequent years. The year 2024 marks a positive shift with a significant increase in hydroelectric output and a modest rise in solar energy. Nevertheless, Azerbaijan's reliance on hydropower over the decades and minimal development in other low-carbon sources, such as solar and nuclear, highlight an urgent need for diversification and expansion of its clean energy portfolio to confidently meet the challenges of the coming decades.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.