In 2023, Senegal's electricity consumption primarily relies on fossil fuels, which constitute nearly three-quarters of the energy mix. Close to none of Senegal's electricity comes from low-carbon sources, with this category making up only about a fifth of the total generation. Solar energy contributes almost 7% while wind energy adds nearly 9%. The remaining portion of the low-carbon mix stems from hydropower and biofuels, each contributing around 4% and 1%, respectively. Fossil fuels remain a dominant force in electricity production in Senegal, representing an area with significant potential for carbon reduction and for a transition towards a cleaner and more sustainable energy system.
Data sources used on this page include Ember, IEA and World Bank. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Senegal?
Electricity use in Senegal appears to be growing, as evidenced by the latest data from 2023, where electricity consumption per person increased to 472 kWh from 453 kWh in 2022. This is a positive sign of development and electrification in the country. However, the contribution of low-carbon sources fell slightly, with generation per person decreasing from 99 kWh to 97 kWh. This drop in low-carbon electricity is concerning given the urgent need for decarbonization to combat climate change. Senegal must continue to pursue clean electricity generation aggressively to support its environmental and economic goals.
Suggestions
To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Senegal can draw on lessons from regions successful in harnessing solar, wind, and nuclear energy. Countries like Uruguay and Denmark have excelled with wind power, generating 33% and 59% of their electricity from wind, respectively. These examples demonstrate the potential for wind energy expansion in Senegal. For solar energy, regions such as Nevada with a 33% share, and Lebanon with 31%, show the significant role that solar power can play in a region's energy mix. In the longer term, integrating nuclear energy could also be explored, drawing inspiration from countries like France and Slovakia, where nuclear accounts for a majority of electricity production. By capitalizing on these strategies suited for Senegal’s geographical and technological context, the nation can bolster its low-carbon electricity supply.
History
Reflecting on the history of low-carbon energy in Senegal, there has been a notable increase in solar and wind installations in recent years. In the early 2000s, low-carbon electricity was primarily from hydropower, with gradual progress and some fluctuations in output. Starting in 2017, solar power began contributing, seeing a rise in output through 2021, accompanied by a similar growth in wind from 2020 onward. These developments underscore a positive shift towards low-carbon electricity sources. The progress made in recent years is encouraging, but there remains significant potential to further expand solar and nuclear capabilities in the transition to a low-carbon future.
