In 2022, Ukraine's electricity consumption was significantly dominated by low-carbon energy sources, which accounted for over 70% of the total electricity mix. Among the low-carbon sources, nuclear energy played a substantial role, generating more than half of the country's electricity. Hydropower, solar, and wind made up smaller yet important portions, with hydropower contributing roughly 10%, solar adding close to 5%, and wind just over 1%. Meanwhile, fossil fuels composed almost 30% of electricity generation, with coal as the primary fossil source at more than 20%, and gas providing over 6%. This distribution illustrates a strong reliance on clean energy, highlighting Ukraine's commitment to reducing its carbon footprint.
Is Electricity Growing in Ukraine?
Ukraine's current electricity consumption, however, paints a concerning picture when compared to its historic peak. In 2022, the consumption per person was about 2767 kWh, a significant decline from the 5746 kWh recorded in 1988. This decrease of 2979 kWh is troubling as it suggests a setback in overall electricity use. Low-carbon electricity generation also fell, with 2022 levels at 1966 kWh per person, down by 468 kWh from the previous record of 2021. This decline emphasizes the need for a robust strategy to enhance electricity consumption, especially in green sources, to meet future demands and support sustainable development.
Suggestions
To bolster its low-carbon electricity generation, Ukraine should focus on expanding its existing nuclear facilities, building on the fact that nuclear already contributes enormously to its electricity mix. Observing regions with significant achievements in clean energy can provide valuable lessons. France, for instance, generates about 69% of its electricity from nuclear power, showcasing the potential of nuclear as a major clean electricity source. Additionally, the success of countries like Denmark and Lithuania, where wind power contributes significantly, demonstrates the viability of wind energy. By implementing policies and investments towards these low-carbon technologies, Ukraine could further reduce its dependence on fossil fuels, enhance energy security, and cut greenhouse gas emissions.
History
Historically, Ukraine's journey in low-carbon electricity has seen ups and downs, especially regarding nuclear power. The late 1980s experienced fluctuations, with significant decreases in 1986 and increases in 1987 and 1988. The 1990s witnessed various shifts, culminating in a notable expansion in 1996. The early 2000s saw minor increases, but the late 2000s and 2010s had notable declines, indicating periods of instability. The years leading up to 2022 have had recurring challenges with marked decreases like in 2009 and 2013 but also rebounds such as in 2021. The sharp drop in 2022 underscores the need for sustained commitment to nuclear energy. By learning from past patterns, Ukraine can reinforce its electricity generation with sustained investment in nuclear and other low-carbon sources.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.