As of 2023, Guatemala primarily relies on low-carbon energy sources, which account for more than two-thirds of its electricity consumption. Hydropower stands as the dominant source within this group, providing almost 41% of the total electricity. Biofuels also make a significant contribution, supplying close to a quarter of the country's electricity needs. Fossil fuels, including coal, provide nearly a quarter of Guatemala's electricity, posing challenges such as climate change and air pollution. Wind, geothermal, and solar energy together make up a smaller fraction of low-carbon electricity production, collectively contributing almost 7%. Net imports slightly supplement the country's electricity supply, accounting for just over 3%. The focus on low-carbon sources is encouraging, yet there's room for expansion in solar and nuclear energy to further enhance sustainability.
Is Electricity Growing in Guatemala?
Guatemala's electricity consumption has seen a downturn, with 2023 figures indicating a usage of 769 kWh per person, a notable decrease from the previous high of 881 kWh per person in 2021. This decline in electricity usage is coupled with a drop in low-carbon electricity production, which decreased by 93 kWh per person during the same period. Such a reduction is concerning, as robust electricity growth is essential to meet the rising demands associated with population growth, technological advancements, and the electrification of various sectors. Pursuing consistent growth in electricity, particularly in clean sectors, is crucial for sustainable development in Guatemala.
Suggestions
To bolster low-carbon electricity generation, Guatemala can draw lessons from regions that have excelled in solar and nuclear energy. The state of Nevada, generating over 34% of its electricity from solar, and California, at 31%, exemplify successful solar integration. Expanding solar energy can harness Guatemala's substantial solar potential. Furthermore, considering the notable reliance on nuclear power in countries like France, where 67% of electricity is nuclear, can guide Guatemala in exploring nuclear energy options. Both solar and nuclear are key to reducing dependency on fossil fuels and building a sustainable, resilient electricity infrastructure.
History
Looking at the history of low-carbon electricity in Guatemala, the country has experienced various shifts in energy production. The late 1980s and early 2000s saw moderate increases in hydroelectric power. However, fluctuations persisted, leading to notable dips in 2009 and 2015. Recently, hydro power saw a significant upsurge in 2017, which manifested as the largest annual increase throughout the decades. Since then, 2020 witnessed another increase, ultimately marking consistent growth in sustainable energy production. A decline was observed in the following years, including a substantial decrease in 2023. While biofuels fluctuated, the overall trend suggests a positive trajectory that could be strengthened by expanding sustainable energy production in other sectors like solar and nuclear. Embracing these technologies can ensure a steady supply of clean energy and sustainable growth.
