In 2023, Ethiopia's electricity consumption is primarily derived from low-carbon sources, with hydropower being the major contributor to this category. Accounting for around 18 TWh, hydropower forms nearly all of the low-carbon energy consumed. This clean energy dominance is in stark contrast to fossil energy sources, which contribute close to none in the context of Ethiopia's electricity consumption. However, despite this strong leaning towards sustainable electricity, the total per capita consumption remains modest at just 142 kWh per person. This is significantly below the global average of approximately 3,781 kWh per person, indicating potential challenges in meeting domestic energy needs and fostering industrial growth. Low levels of electricity generation can stifle economic development, limit technological advancements, and hinder access to modern conveniences, hence underscoring the need to increase electricity supply to meet burgeoning demand.
Is Electricity Growing in Ethiopia?
Encouragingly, electricity consumption in Ethiopia shows signs of growth, albeit modestly. In 2023, the average electricity consumption increased to 142 kWh per person, a slight rise from the previous record of 139 kWh per person in 2022. This growth mirrors a similar uptick in low-carbon electricity generation, also reaching 142 kWh per person from the previous year's 139 kWh. Although the increases may seem relatively small, they represent a positive trajectory towards expanding sustainable electricity generation. Still, more substantial efforts and innovations are needed to accelerate this growth to achieve global energy targets and improve the standard of living.
Suggestions
Ethiopia can look to regions that have successfully expanded their low-carbon electricity generation for inspiration. For instance, China's massive expansion in solar and wind power, producing 1,025 TWh and 1,122 TWh respectively, sets a benchmark for solar initiatives. Similarly, the United States highlights the potential of nuclear energy, generating 778 TWh. Incorporating solar and, where feasible, nuclear power into Ethiopia's energy mix could enhance electricity generation. These strategies promote energy diversity and sustainability, crucial for Ethiopia's energy independence and resilience against climate variability. By adopting successful practices from these regions, Ethiopia could diversify its clean energy portfolio and significantly increase its total electricity output.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity in Ethiopia has shown a consistent expansion, particularly in hydropower. Starting in the early 2000s, hydropower generation experienced gradual yet steady growth, evidenced by modest increases each year, such as 0.3 TWh in 2001, 2003, and 2005. This growth trend accelerated in the subsequent decade, with significant annual increments, like 1.4 TWh in 2010 and 2.1 TWh in 2016, signaling a more rapid expansion of infrastructure and capacity. Additionally, the introduction of wind energy in 2015 added further diversity to Ethiopia's clean energy sources. Despite a slight decrease in wind output in 2022, the overall trajectory has remained upward, culminating in continued hydropower development in 2023 with an additional 0.9 TWh. This progression demonstrates Ethiopia's commitment to enhancing its low-carbon footprint and its potential to further adopt diverse green technologies.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.