In 2023, Ethiopia's electricity consumption is characterized by a predominant reliance on low-carbon sources, primarily hydropower, which almost entirely represents its clean energy generation with 17.62 TWh out of the total 18.26 TWh generated. This indicates that more than half of Ethiopia's electricity generation is from renewable hydropower, highlighting a commitment to low-carbon energy sources. However, when compared to the global average of 3781 kWh per person, Ethiopia's consumption stands at merely 142 kWh per person, suggesting that electricity generation remains a challenge. This discrepancy in electricity usage likely impacts economic development and living standards, limiting access to modern technology, hampering industrial growth, and potentially stunting educational opportunities.
Is Electricity Growing in Ethiopia?
Ethiopia shows signs of modest growth in its electricity consumption. In 2023, electricity consumption was recorded at 142 kWh per person, marking a slight increase from the previous record of 139 kWh per person in 2022. This growth mirrors the increase in low-carbon electricity generation which also rose from 139 to 142 kWh per person over the same period. Though these numbers demonstrate a positive trend, with a change of 3 units compared to historical records, the pace of this growth is still relatively slow. This underscores the urgency for Ethiopia to ramp up its clean energy generation capabilities to better meet the demands of its population and promote sustainable development.
Suggestions
To accelerate the growth of low-carbon electricity generation, Ethiopia can draw inspiration from regions adept in solar and wind energy development. The experience of countries like India, with its noteworthy advancement in solar energy reaching 150 TWh, illustrates the major potential for solar expansion tailored to Ethiopia's geographic conditions. Meanwhile, Brazil's effective use of wind energy generating 111 TWh should be encouraging for Ethiopia to invest more in wind resources that complement its existing reliance on hydropower. Additionally, countries with strong nuclear capabilities like France, producing 363 TWh, also set an exemplary model, underlining how nuclear energy can serve as a reliable, sustainable backbone for electricity generation. Embracing a diverse mix of low-carbon options can significantly bolster Ethiopia's energy security and sustainably propel its electricity capacity forward.
History
Ethiopia's history with low-carbon electricity generation reveals a consistent focus on hydropower. Key growth phases include gradual increments in the early 2000s and a notable expansion between 2010 to 2016, with significant annual increases such as the 2.1 TWh surge in 2016. The positive trajectory continued into the subsequent years, although the addition of wind in 2015 was offset by a minor decline in 2022, highlighting the volatility of some emerging technologies. Overall, Ethiopia's commitment to expanding hydropower has been predominantly stable, reinforcing its status as a chief source of clean energy throughout the decades. The consistent growth in low-carbon generation embodies a commendable aim towards a sustainable path, though diversifying into other low-carbon sources like solar and nuclear will be crucial for future resilience and energy independence.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.