Electricity in Bulgaria in 2023

As of 2023, Bulgaria's electricity consumption features a significant proportion of low-carbon energy. Over 66% of the electricity is generated from clean sources, with nuclear power contributing the largest share at more than 40%. Additional low-carbon contributions come from hydropower, solar, biofuels, and wind, contributing around 8%, 8%, 5%, and 4% respectively. On the other hand, fossil energy accounts for approximately 34% of the electricity mix, with coal being the dominant fossil source at nearly 29%, followed by gas at about 4%. Despite the solid base of low-carbon electricity, the reliance on coal remains a significant concern for environmental and public health due to its associated CO2 emissions and air pollution.

Suggestions

To increase its low-carbon electricity generation, Bulgaria can look into expanding its existing nuclear capacities, which already play a substantial role in its clean energy mix. By investing in new reactors or improving the efficiency of current ones, Bulgaria could follow in the footsteps of countries like France and Slovakia, where nuclear energy constitutes approximately 65% and 62% of electricity generation respectively. Furthermore, Bulgaria should also consider boosting its wind power generation. Taking insights from Denmark and Uruguay, where wind power accounts for more than 50% and 35% of their electricity respectively, substantial investment in wind infrastructure could diversify and strengthen Bulgaria's clean energy portfolio.

History

Bulgaria’s history of electricity generation indicates a dynamic but somewhat turbulent relationship with nuclear power. In the early 1980s, nuclear electricity generation saw significant increases, with 2.8 TWh added in 1981 and an additional 2 TWh in 1983. However, the late 1980s to early 1990s marked a period of decline, with noticeable reductions in 1989, 1991, and 1992. The trend reversed in the mid-1990s with increases, but another substantial decline occurred in 2003 and 2007. Hydro power has seen smaller fluctuations, like the increase of 1.6 TWh in 2010 followed by a decrease the next year. Recent years reveal a more positive trend in hydro, peaking with a 2 TWh increase in 2021. These historical patterns demonstrate Bulgaria's potential to both capitalize on nuclear gains and bolster hydro resources effectively.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Maximum Imports

Data Sources