As of 2022, Réunion's electricity consumption heavily relies on fossil fuels, which account for close to two-thirds, or about 66%, of the total electricity generation. This dependence is primarily supported by coal, constituting around 28% of the total energy mix. In contrast, low-carbon sources, which are critical for sustainable energy production, make up approximately 34% of the electricity generation. Among these, hydropower takes the lead, contributing nearly 19%, followed by solar energy at 8%, with biofuels adding around 7%. Increasing the share of low-carbon energy types can drastically reduce environmental pollution and support climate goals.
Is Electricity Growing in Réunion?
Regarding the growth of electricity consumption in Réunion, the data shows a worrisome trend. The latest consumption figures in 2022 indicate a decrease, standing at 3867 kWh per person compared to the peak rate seen in 2020, which was at 4400 kWh per person. This marks a reduction of 533 kWh per person over this period. In contrast, low-carbon electricity generation reached a new high, with 2022 figures at 1320 kWh per person, slightly surpassing the previous record in 2013 by 57 kWh per person. While low-carbon energy production has improved, the overall trend suggests stagnation in total electricity growth that could challenge efforts toward greater electrification and economic expansion.
Suggestions
To enhance low-carbon electricity generation, Réunion can benefit from adopting strategies seen in other successful regions. France and Slovakia, for instance, showcase high dependencies on nuclear energy, contributing to 68% and 62% of their electricity generation respectively. Lebanon serves as an inspiration by achieving 31% electricity from solar power. Réunion should consider expanding both solar and nuclear infrastructures to increase clean energy proportions significantly. Lessons from Iowa, Denmark, and New Mexico, with substantial wind energy capabilities, may also guide Réunion to diversify its low-carbon portfolio and improve its energy mix, further reducing reliance on fossil fuels and supporting sustainable growth.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity in Réunion reveals periodic changes in hydropower and moderate growth in solar energy. In the early 2000s, fluctuations in hydroelectricity were common, though no significant long-term increases were recorded. The introduction of biofuels in 2004 offered incremental gains, and a more substantial solar contribution began in 2010. Around 2018, hydropower saw its most considerable annual increase in recent years, adding 0.2 TWh, although it also experienced losses in several preceding and following years. The data indicates a crucial opportunity for further innovations and expansions in low-carbon technology to meet and exceed current generation levels, responding proactively to both environmental and economic needs.