As of 2023, Ghana's electricity consumption primarily relies on fossil fuels, which contribute to just over 60% of the total electricity mix. Gas accounts for the majority of this fossil energy contribution, demonstrating a heavy reliance on non-renewable resources. On the other hand, low-carbon sources such as hydropower represent a little less than 40% of the overall electricity consumption. Within the low-carbon category, hydropower is the dominant source, providing close to all of the clean energy at nearly 38%. The transition to low-carbon electricity is essential to minimize the environmental impact, but fossil fuels still play a significant role in Ghana's electricity production.
Data sources used on this page include EIA, Ember and IEA. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Ghana?
The trend in electricity consumption in Ghana shows a modest increase. The latest data reveals an average consumption of 719 kWh per person, slightly higher than the previous record of 700 kWh per person in 2022. This rise reflects an increased demand for electricity, likely driven by economic and population growth. However, the generation of low-carbon electricity per capita has diminished significantly since its peak in 1980, going from 444 kWh per person back then to just 277 kWh per person in 2023. The decline in low-carbon electricity generation, particularly from hydropower, signals a need to bolster the clean energy segment to meet future demand sustainably.
Suggestions
To increase its low-carbon electricity generation, Ghana could learn from successful regions that excel in solar and nuclear power implementation. Countries like France and Slovakia demonstrate high percentages of nuclear-based electricity, with 67% and 66% respectively, proving the viability of nuclear energy as a major clean energy source. Meanwhile, regions like Nevada, Lebanon, and California have achieved between 31% and 34% of electricity from solar, showcasing the potential for solar energy in achieving clean electricity goals. By harnessing sunlight, which Ghana has in abundance, and considering the development of nuclear energy infrastructure, Ghana can significantly boost its clean electricity share, reduce its fossil fuel dependency, and pave the way for a sustainable energy future.
History
Looking at the history of low-carbon electricity in Ghana, hydropower has been the mainstay for several decades with varying outputs. In the early to mid-1980s, hydropower generation saw some decline, but the trend reversed with growth in subsequent years. The late 1990s and early 2000s experienced both downturns and improvements, with notable dues in 1998 and 2002 when electricity from hydropower dipped significantly. However, gradual development efforts resulted in gains in the subsequent years. More recently, from the mid-2000s to 2023, there have been fluctuations, but notable increases were recorded, particularly in 2008 and 2019. This volatile trend underscores the importance of diversifying into other low-carbon energy sources like solar and nuclear to stabilize and enhance Ghana’s clean energy generation.
