Electricity in Ghana in 2023

In 2023, Ghana's electricity consumption is predominantly powered by fossil fuels, with gas contributing to almost all of this. Specifically, fossil fuels contribute a little more than 61% to Ghana's electricity production, with gas making up almost 60% of that total. On the other hand, low-carbon sources account for around 39% of electricity generation, with nearly all of this coming from hydropower, making up close to 38%. This division highlights a substantial reliance on fossil fuels, which are known contributors to climate change and air pollution, while low-carbon sources like hydropower offer cleaner alternatives.

Suggestions

To bolster its low-carbon electricity, Ghana could consider expanding into nuclear, wind, and solar energy. For instance, taking a cue from countries like France and Slovakia, where nuclear energy contributes significantly, Ghana could explore nuclear power as a scalable clean energy source. Moreover, examples of successful implementation of wind and solar in countries near its latitude, like Morocco's wind and Lebanon's solar contributions, respectively, can provide insightful models for growth and diversification. Prioritizing these technologies would not only help in reducing greenhouse gas emissions but also enhance energy security and resilience.

History

Historically, Ghana's low-carbon electricity landscape has primarily been shaped by hydropower. During the 1980s, there was a mix of growth and decline, with 1985 and 1986 witnessing positive increments in hydroelectricity, contrasted by declines in 1983 and 1984. The late 1990s saw fluctuation with a notable decrease in 1998, but a rebound in 1999 and 2000. Throughout the 2000s, the trend continued with both negative and positive shifts, culminating in a significant drop in 2007 and 2015. More recently, there has been a steady increase, with incremental growth seen in 2019, 2022, and 2023. This history underscores the potential and resilience of hydropower, paving the way for further low-carbon expansions.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Data Sources