Electricity in Italy in 2024
Italy's electricity consumption in 2024 is quite divided between fossil fuels and low-carbon sources, with each making up almost half of the total. Fossil fuels are slightly ahead at 43%, primarily dominated by gas at roughly 37%, while coal contributes only about 1.5%, signifying a move away from this higher polluting source. Low-carbon energy sources collectively account for approximately 41% of electricity, with hydropower leading at around 16%. Solar and wind contribute nearly 11% and 7% respectively, showcasing their growing roles in the Italian energy mix. Biofuels add 5% and geothermal less than 2%, highlighting some diversity within Italy's clean energy portfolio. Additionally, Italy relies on net imports for about 16% of its electricity needs, which indicates room for increased domestic low-carbon generation to enhance energy independence and sustainability.
Suggestions
To bolster its low-carbon electricity generation, Italy could consider expanding its existing solar infrastructure, as this technology already plays a significant role in its energy landscape. Learning from countries with successful low-carbon initiatives, Italy might look towards France, where nuclear power accounts for more than two-thirds of electricity, as a model for diversifying its clean energy sources beyond just solar and wind. While Italy currently lacks nuclear energy in its power mix, adopting lessons from France’s nuclear program could provide a substantial boost in low-carbon electricity generation. Additionally, Denmark's prowess in generating over half of its electricity from wind energy presents a compelling case for Italy to expand its wind capacity, leveraging its own wind resources to further decrease reliance on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
History
The history of low-carbon electricity in Italy has been marked by fluctuation, particularly in hydropower, which saw significant gains in the late 1970s and various declines through the 1980s and later decades. The early 2000s featured notable reductions in hydropower output, with another sharp decline in 2015. However, recent years show a positive reversal with increases in 2018, 2023, and 2024. The 2010s brought a surge in solar energy, with substantial gains recorded in 2011 and 2012, marking a turning point for Italy's clean energy initiatives. Meanwhile, the nuclear sector saw a devastating blow in 1987, which led to a significant retreat from nuclear energy in the country's power landscape. Critically, this decision left Italy with fewer options in its clean energy strategy, underscoring the importance of revisiting nuclear options to secure a resilient and sustainable electricity supply.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.