Electricity in Italy in 2023/2024

Over the last 12 months, from October 2023 to September 2024, the electricity consumption in Italy has seen a notable distribution between low-carbon and fossil energy sources. Low-carbon energy, including hydropower, solar, wind, biofuels, and geothermal, comprises around 41% of the total electricity supply, with hydropower contributing close to half of this share at 19%, solar at nearly 10%, and wind at slightly over 8%. Fossil energy, predominantly from gas, represents about 35%, with gas alone making up most of this at 31%. Coal energy accounts for roughly 3%. Net imports provide nearly 19% of the electricity supply, indicating Italy's significant dependence on external sources to meet its energy needs.

Suggestions

Italy can increase its low-carbon electricity generation by taking lessons from other countries that have successfully integrated higher shares of nuclear and wind energy. For example, France and Slovakia generate more than half of their electricity through nuclear power, at 67% and 60% respectively, demonstrating the capability to sustain high levels of clean energy. Similarly, Denmark derives 61% of its electricity from wind, showing the potential of harnessing wind resources more extensively. Looking closer to home, Greece achieves 22% of its electricity from solar power, a feasible target for Italy given its similar climatic conditions. By investing in nuclear and wind technologies and enhancing solar infrastructure, Italy can further reduce its reliance on fossil fuels.

History

Historically, Italy's journey toward low-carbon electricity has seen significant fluctuations, especially in hydropower and solar energy generation. Hydropower experienced periods of notable decline and growth: a reduction of 17 TWh in 2022 was followed by an increase of approximately 25 TWh between 2023 and 2024. The 1980s saw dramatic changes, including a decline in nuclear energy by 8.6 TWh in 1987 largely due to policy shifts post-Chernobyl. Solar energy witnessed remarkable growth in the early 2010s, with increases of about 9 TWh in 2011 and 8 TWh in 2012. These historical shifts underline the importance of consistent and supportive policies for low-carbon technologies. By clearly recognizing these past trends, Italy can plan a more stable and sustainable future in clean electricity generation.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Maximum Imports

Data Sources