In 2025, Luxembourg's electricity consumption is characterized by a significant dependence on external sources, with net imports comprising more than half of the supply at about 63%. Low-carbon electricity generation, however, represents a substantial portion, making up around 35% of the total. This includes diverse sources of clean electricity such as hydropower, contributing about 14%, wind power accounting for roughly 9%, solar energy at close to 8%, and biofuels providing a little over 4%. Fossil fuels play a minimal role in electricity generation, at just over 2%, with gas making up a little more than 1%. Such a low reliance on fossil energy is a positive development in reducing air pollution and combating climate change.
Data sources used on this page include EIA, ENTSOE, Eurostat, IEA and World Bank. More about data sources →
Is Electricity Growing in Luxembourg?
Unfortunately, electricity consumption in Luxembourg appears to be on a declining trend, with current levels at 8045 kWh per person, a significant reduction compared to the previous peak of 17,048 kWh per person in 2010. This decline translates to a decrease of over 9,000 kWh per person. Furthermore, low-carbon electricity generation has also seen a decrease from a record in 2024, indicating a concerning reduction of over 1,000 kWh per person in recent times. This decline in both overall and clean electricity consumption is worrisome, especially considering the global push toward electrification, which demands increased electricity supply. Luxembourg should strive to reverse this decline and support the growth of clean electricity to foster sustainability and meet future demands effectively.
Suggestions
To enhance its low-carbon electricity generation, Luxembourg can draw lessons from successful regions that have achieved impressive results with specific energy technologies. Looking to France and Slovakia, which rely heavily on nuclear power for 67% and 66% of their electricity respectively, Luxembourg could consider expanding its use of nuclear energy to bolster its clean electricity capacity. Similarly, countries like Denmark and states such as Iowa provide excellent case examples for wind energy, generating 60% and 58% of their electricity from wind respectively. These examples demonstrate that focused investments in nuclear and wind power could significantly strengthen Luxembourg’s low-carbon portfolio. Additionally, Luxembourg's burgeoning solar sector can learn from regions like California and Chile, which have integrated solar power to produce about 31% and 25% of their electricity. Investing in these sustainable and reliable sources will not only ensure energy security but also align with global sustainability goals.
History
Reviewing the historical development of low-carbon electricity in Luxembourg, the country has experienced several pivotal changes over the years. In the 1990s, hydroelectric power was the primary source of clean electricity, with noticeable expansions and minor contractions. The period saw increases especially in 1990 with growth of 0.8 TWh, but there were reductions too, such as in 1999 and 2011. The following decades continued to focus on hydropower, with intermittent expansions in capacity up until 2025. Recent years have diversified this growth, with the introduction and increase of wind power from 2017 and solar energy in 2024. Unfortunately, in 2025, hydroelectricity experienced a decline, suggesting a need to reevaluate and perhaps modernize the infrastructure supporting low-carbon electricity to maintain and even boost overall clean energy production.
