Cuba's current electricity consumption in 2023 shows a heavy reliance on fossil energy, which makes up about 95% of the mix, including 13% from gas. Low-carbon electricity generation, although present, contributes a small share at less than 5%. Within this category, biofuels provide just over 2% and solar accounts for slightly over 1%, indicating that clean energy sources are barely making a dent in the country's overall electricity production. The dominance of fossil fuels is concerning because it contributes significantly to climate change and air pollution, issues that are pressing globally.

Data sources used on this page include Ember, IEA and World Bank. More about data sources →

Is Electricity Growing in Cuba?

Despite the critical need to increase electricity usage, particularly from low-carbon sources, Cuba is witnessing a decline. In 2023, electricity consumption per person stands at approximately 1,387 kWh, a significant drop from the 2018 peak of 1,856 kWh per person. This noticeable reduction of about 25% raises concerns about the country's electricity growth trajectory. The situation with low-carbon electricity is similarly troubling with a current generation of 65 kWh per person, down from the 1990 record of 145 kWh per person, marking a reduction of more than half. This stagnation or decline is worrisome as electricity is key not only for basic needs but also for advancing towards a sustainable and technologically advanced future.

Suggestions

To increase low-carbon electricity generation, Cuba should look to successful regions for inspiration. The country's efforts may greatly benefit from investing in nuclear and solar energy. For example, France and Slovakia have successfully harnessed nuclear power to supply over 60% of their electricity needs. In solar energy, states like Nevada and regions such as Lebanon stand out, with their solar contributions nearing 30% or more. Learning from these examples, Cuba could develop a robust clean electricity agenda to significantly enhance its low-carbon footprint. Transitioning towards these sustainable energy sources will not only reduce dependence on fossil fuels but also align Cuba with global energy trends, fostering both environmental and economic benefits.

History

In a historical look at Cuba's low-carbon electricity generation, biofuel usage has experienced fluctuations, with some small increases around the late 1980s and early 1990s, followed by declines and modest subsequent recoveries. Notably, biofuels saw a slight uptick in 2018, coupled with the introduction of solar energy, which was a positive development. However, the overall contribution from low-carbon sources has remained limited, with no significant expansion persisting over decades. The persistent low levels of biofuels and only recent ventures into solar highlight an urgent need for Cuba to re-examine its strategy on electricity generation, much of which could be bolstered by embracing nuclear and solar as enduring solutions for a sustainable future.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade