Cuba's current electricity consumption relies significantly on fossil fuels, which account for over 95% of total consumption, with oil and gas being the primary contributors. Gas alone forms a little over 13%, while low-carbon energy contributes a disappointing 4.7%. Among the low-carbon sources, biofuels represent around 2.16%, solar energy stands at a modest 1.37%, and other clean energy sources account for the remaining share. Such an overwhelming dependence on fossil fuels is troubling given the global urgency to reduce carbon emissions and the associated risks of climate change and air pollution. Cuba's reliance on fossil fuels calls for a rapid transition towards low-carbon sources, especially nuclear and solar, to foster a more sustainable and clean energy future.

Is Electricity Growing in Cuba?

Electricity consumption trends in Cuba currently showcase a decline rather than growth. In 2023, electricity consumption is recorded at 1387 kWh per person, noticeably falling from 2018's record of 1856 kWh per person, indicating a reduction by 468 kWh. Low-carbon electricity generation also follows a downward trajectory, with current figures at 65 kWh per person, marking a decrease of 80 compared to the 1990 record of 145 kWh per person. These declining numbers highlight a concerning stagnation in growth that is essential for meeting future energy demands, particularly considering the ongoing shift towards electrification and the increasing integration of AI technologies into daily life.

Suggestions

To reverse this trend and significantly increase low-carbon electricity in Cuba, an urgent expansion in nuclear and solar energy generation is imperative. Lessons can be drawn from countries like France and Slovakia, where nuclear power contributes to more than half of their electricity supply. Regions with strong solar potential, akin to Nevada and California where solar power makes up close to a third of electricity, are excellent models to emulate. For Cuba, strategically investing in these clean energy sources will not only reduce dependence on fossil fuels but also align the country with a sustainable and health-conscious energy future. Moreover, adopting these technologies will bolster growth, innovation, and ultimately improve the quality of life for Cuban citizens.

History

Historically, Cuba's journey with low-carbon electricity generation has seen fluctuations, most notably in biofuels. The 1970s and 1980s endorsed minor gains but also some setbacks, with occasional increases and reductions, reflecting a lack of sustained growth. Notably, the early 1990s experienced significant disruptions, with a notable reduction in biofuel electricity generation in 1991 and 1993. Though there was a brief uptick in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the trajectory remained erratic through the decades, with the last surge in 2013. Recent years have not seen significant advancements in clean energy, specifically solar, only adding modest gains. These historical trends underline the inconsistencies in Cuba's low-carbon electricity endeavors and emphasize the pressing necessity for reliable advancements, particularly through investing in nuclear and solar power, outpacing past performance and meeting future energy needs sustainably.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade