Electricity in Portugal in 2023/2024

Over the past 12 months, from October 2023 to September 2024, Portugal's electricity consumption has been predominantly supplied by low-carbon sources, accounting for nearly 77% of the total consumption. A significant portion of this, about 41%, came from hydropower. Wind energy contributed approximately 23% while solar power added close to 8%. There were also net imports, which made up around 14.5%, but it’s worth noting that the origin of this imported electricity could include low-carbon sources. In contrast, fossil fuels represented a minor share of just over 8%, exclusively from gas. Therefore, it is evident that Portugal relies heavily on clean electricity sources, with hydropower and wind playing substantial roles.

Suggestions

To further increase its low-carbon electricity generation, Portugal could look into expanding its wind energy production, considering its notable current contribution. Additionally, by studying the success of countries like Denmark, where wind provides a robust 61% of electricity, Portugal could adopt best practices in wind technology and infrastructure development. Another essential lesson can be taken from nations like France and Slovakia, where nuclear power plays a dominant role, with figures reaching as high as 67% and 60%, respectively. As a Mediterranean country with significant solar potential, Portugal might also be inspired by Greece, where solar energy constitutes 22% of electricity. These strategies combined can substantially boost Portugal's clean electricity profile and help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, addressing climate change and air pollution concerns.

History

Looking at the history of low-carbon electricity in Portugal, we observe a series of fluctuations, primarily in hydropower generation. Beginning in 1977, there was a surge of 5.2 TWh. However, the period from the late 1980s through to the early 2000s experienced several declines; notably in 1989 (-6.4 TWh), 1999 (-5.4 TWh), 2002 (-6.1 TWh), and 2004 (-5.9 TWh). Conversely, years like 2003 saw considerable increases (+7.8 TWh). More recently, from 2010 onwards, hydropower continued to show variability, with noticeable peaks in 2013 (+8.2 TWh) and significant reductions, such as in 2017 (-9.3 TWh). The latest data for 2023/2024 shows another substantial increase of 14.1 TWh, indicating positive trends in hydropower expansion, cementing its role in Portugal's clean electricity mix.

Electricity Imports and Exports

Balance of Trade

Maximum Imports

Data Sources