In 2024, Cambodia's electricity consumption profile shows a balanced distribution between fossil and low-carbon energy sources, although fossil fuels still hold a leading position. Almost half of the electricity, around 43%, is generated from fossil sources, with coal being a predominant player at 41%. On the other hand, low-carbon energy sources contribute nearly 30% to the electricity mix, which includes hydropower and solar energy. Notably, hydropower accounts for approximately 25% of the total electricity generated, while solar energy contributes just under 5%. In addition, roughly 27% of Cambodia's electricity is imported, highlighting a reliance on cross-border energy to meet its needs. The presence of a significant fraction of low-carbon energy indicates positive steps toward cleaner energy, but there's ample room for growth.
Is Electricity Growing in Cambodia?
Cambodia is witnessing a positive trajectory in its overall electricity consumption, shown by the recent increase in per capita usage. The 2024 total electricity consumption reached 1,234 kWh per person, marking an impressive rise from the 2023 record of 1,083 kWh per person. This increase of 151 kWh/person signifies growing demand and the need for enhanced energy infrastructure. However, it is concerning that low-carbon generation per capita has experienced a decline; the latest figure stands at 367 kWh/person, compared to a higher 401 kWh/person recorded in 2022. This reduction of 34 kWh/person despite overall growth highlights that while electricity consumption is increasing, the expansion of clean electricity—especially critical for sustainable development—is not keeping pace.
Suggestions
To boost low-carbon electricity generation, Cambodia should consider the strategies of countries that excel in this arena, particularly those that have successfully harnessed nuclear and solar power. For instance, learning from countries like France and Slovakia, which generate more than half of their electricity from nuclear power, could be pivotal. Considering similarities in land resources and solar potential, Cambodia could follow the example of Greece and Lebanon, where solar power plays a significant role. By investing in and expanding its solar and nuclear capacities, Cambodia can secure a sustainable energy future, decrease its dependency on fossil fuels, and harness clean energy to meet rising electricity demands while mitigating climate change impacts.
History
Tracing the history of low-carbon electricity generation in Cambodia, it is evident that hydropower has played a central role over the past few decades. The early 2000s saw modest increases, with hydropower contributions beginning formally in 2000. Significant expansions occurred between 2012 and 2018, peaking with a substantial rise of 2.3 TWh in 2018. Although there were declines noted in 2019 and 2020, the rebound of hydropower and the emerging role of solar energy in subsequent years are promising signs. Solar power, though still a smaller component, has consistently grown year on year, especially in the early 2020s. Maintaining this growth momentum for low-carbon sources amid fluctuating outputs is crucial for ensuring Cambodia can meet future electricity demands sustainably.
Electrification
We estimate the degree of electrification by comparing electricity and total energy emissions. More about methodology.